Chapter 4 - Summary - Socialization Flashcards
1
Q
To what degree are our unique physical and human characteristics based on heredity and social environment?
A
- Individuals are born with some unique and physical characteristics, others are gained through socialization
- biology dictates our physical makeup
- social environment largely determines how we develop and behave
2
Q
Why is socialization crucial to healthy human development?
A
- even nonhuman primates need social contact with others of their species in order to develop properly
- in the case of two children deliberately raised in isolation (Anna and Genie) we see the importance of positive socialization and negative effects of social isolation
3
Q
What are the key agents of socialization?
A
agents include family, schools, peer groups, media and workplace
4
Q
What is the role of family in socialization?
A
- procreating and socializing children
- providing emotional support
- assigning social position
5
Q
What is the role of school in socialization?
A
- self image
- beliefs
- values
6
Q
What is the role of peer groups in socialization?
A
- sense of belonging and self-worth
- teach and reinforce cultural norms
- information about acceptable behaviour
7
Q
What is the role of media in socialization?
A
- informing us about world events
- introducing us to wide variety of people
- providing opportunity to live vicariously through other people’s experiences
8
Q
How do sociologists explain out development of a self-concept?
A
- Charles Horton Cooley developed the image of the looking-glass self
- initial sense of self is based on how families perceive and treat us
- George Herbert Mead - linked idea of self-concept to role-playing and learning rules of social interaction (“I” and “me”
9
Q
What are the main social psychological theories on human development?
A
- Freud - id, ego and super ego
- Jean Piaget - four cognitive stages of development
- Lawrence Kohlberg - moral development in 6 stages
- Carol Cilligan - male/female differences regarding morality, identified 3 stages in female moral development
10
Q
What are the different types of socialization through various stages of life?
A
- anticipatory socialization - learning knowledge and skills for future roles
- parents socialized through children
- adults learn through workplace socialization
- resocialization - the process of learning new attitudes, values, and behaviours, voluntarily or involuntarily
