Chapter 4 test

Question 1

region of dense forests and streams in/near Appalachian mountains. Began at fall line in south. People lived in log cabins.

Answer 1

Backcountry

Question 2

producing just enough food for oneself and a tiny bit extra for trade

Answer 2

subsistence farming

Question 3

trade route with three stops

Answer 3

triangular trade

Question 4

made by government to assure that England received part of New England’s profits

Answer 4

Navigation Acts

Question 5

importing/exporting goods illegally

Answer 5

smuggling

Question 6

crops raised to be sold for money

Answer 6

cash crops

Question 7

where grain is crushed between heavy stones to produce flour or meal

Answer 7

gristmill

Question 8

variety in people

Answer 8

diversity

Question 9

craftspeople

Answer 9

artisans

Question 10

built by germans in new england colonies to carry produce

Answer 10

Conestoga wagons

Question 11

a plant that produces a deep blue dye (common in southern colonies)

Answer 11

indigo

Question 12

men hired by planters to watch over/direct work of slaves

Answer 12

overseer

Question 13

rebellion where slaves got so angry about their loss of freedom that they gathered together, killed several planter families, and planned on seeking freedom in Spanish-held Florida. They were caught and slave codes became stricter.

Answer 13

Stono Rebellion

Question 14

mountain change stretching from eastern Canada south to Alabama

Answer 14

Appalachian mountains

Question 15

where waterfalls prevent large boats from moving upriver.

Answer 15

fall line

Question 16

beyond the fall line, a broad plateau that leads to the Blue Ridge Mountains of the Appalachian range

Answer 16

piedmont

Question 17

a large group of families with one common ancestor

Answer 17

clan

Question 18

to take advantage of

Answer 18

exploit

Question 19

to start again after it has stopped

Answer 19

resumption

Question 20

belonging naturally, essential

Answer 20

intrinsic

Question 21

a suspension of activity

Answer 21

moratorium

Question 22

from the earliest times. Native.

Answer 22

aboriginal

Question 23

for profit. engaging in commerce (trade)

Answer 23

commercial

Question 24

purpose of navigation acts

Answer 24

to ensure england received part of new england’s profit.

Question 25

slaves in new england colonies

Answer 25

there were very little slaves in the new england colonies because it wasn't economical in their region. they had a short growing season and long winters, giving them very little work. farmers couldn't afford to house and feed slaves who didn't work. even so, some slaves worked as servants, cooks, gardeners, and stable-hands. slaves weren't treated horribly, as they worked in shops, warehouses, or on docks. some owners even gave a portion of their wages

Question 26

causes of decline in Puritan society

Answer 26

economic success competed with puritan beliefs. they cared about business and material things rather than religion. increased competition with other religious groups also caused decline in popularity. +political changes

Question 27

main reasons people came to live in middle colonies.

Answer 27

-fair cities, substantial villages, better climate (year-round growing season), extensive fields, + decent houses, good roads, orchards, meadows, bridges.

Question 28

skills and accomplishments of german colonists

Answer 28

-big barns, sleek cattle, stout workhorses. brought craftsmanship to middle colonies (glass, furniture, kitchenware) built conestoga wagons to carry produce

Question 29

What was the new source of labor that plantation owners finally turned to after not having any luck trying to use European indentured servants and Native Americans.

Answer 29

enslaved africans

Question 30

Describe the life of a slave. Describe slaves’ culture while they were enslaved.

Answer 30

-life was incredibly difficult. slaves at to work very hard for 15 hours a day (peak of harvest). If the overseer thought a slave wasn't doing their share of work, he would whip them. They ate very little within a week (quarter bushel of corn + pound of pork). Despite their brutal conditions, enslaved Africans tried their very best to hold on to their culture. music, stories, dances, religion.

Question 31

Describe life in the Backcountry.

Answer 31

rough roads + rivers made it impossible to trade goods, so farmers had to depend on themselves. lived in cabins, fed families hogs + cattle they raised + fish and game they killed. grew yellow corn for livestock and white corn to eat. women worked in cabins + fields but also learned to use guns + axes.