Chapter 4: The Modern View of Atoms and Their Chemistry

Question 1

What is the current model of the atom called?

Answer 1

quantum mechanical model

Question 2

what happens when a wave overlaps another?

Answer 2

constructive interference

Question 3

what happens when the crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another?

Answer 3

Destructive interference

Question 4

What is the photoelectric effect?

Answer 4

when light is shines on certain metals, it causes them to emit electrons

Question 5

what is another name for orbitals?

Answer 5

electron clouds

Question 6

what and the dumb-bell shaped orbitals called?

Answer 6

p orbitals

Question 7

what orbital can an electron be in at the second energy level?

Answer 7

2s or 2p

Question 8

What orbital is at level three?

Answer 8

3s, 3p, and five 3d orbitals

Question 9

what shape is the s orbital? p orbital?

Answer 9

spherical; dumbbell

Question 10

True/false: each energy level opened up a new type of orbital for the electrons to occupy

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True/false: electrons can behave like waves but not particles

Answer 11

false

Question 12

what is the wave-particle duality?

Answer 12

The concept that light, as well as many subatomic particles have the properties of both particles and waves

Question 13

True/false: an orbital can accommodate more than two electrons

Answer 13

False

Question 14

state the Aufbau principle

Answer 14

Electrons filled orbitals, starting with the lowest energy ones, and then filling higher energy orbitals as needed

Question 15

what is a valence electron?

Answer 15

an atoms outer most electrons

Question 16

True/false: elements in the same column or group of the periodic table of elements have similar chemistry

Answer 16

True

Question 17

what is an ion?

Answer 17

an atoms or group of atoms that develops an electrical charge by gaining or losing electrons

Question 18

what are negative ions called?

Answer 18

anions

Question 19

what are positive ions called?

Answer 19

cations

Question 20

what are the atoms called that tend to lose electrons? gain electrons?

Answer 20

metals; nonmetals

Question 21

True/false: metals have luster, while nonmetals do not

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True/false: metals are brittle, while nonmetals are malleable

Answer 22

false: the opposite is true

Question 23

True/false: metals tend to conduct heat and electricity well, as well as nonmetals

Answer 23

false: nonmetals do not

Question 24

what are ionic compounds?

Answer 24

a compound formed by cations and anions held together by their mutual attraction

Question 25

True/false: ionic compounds are not formed between metals and nonmetals

Answer 25

false

Question 26

what is electrolysis?

Answer 26

the breaking down of a chemical using electricity

Question 27

True/false: ionic compounds split up into their ions when dissolved and those ion move freely in the solution

Answer 27

true

Question 28

what are electrolytes?

Answer 28

Chemicals that form a conductive solution when dissolved