Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Kommunikasjon - Tjenester og nett > Chapter 4: The Network Layer: Data Plane > Flashcards

Chapter 4: The Network Layer: Data Plane Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Does the sender or the receiver the network layer encapsulates segments into datagrams and then pass them to the link layer?

A

Sender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does the sender or the receiver the network layer deliver segments to the transport layer protocol?

A

Receiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What moves datagrams from input ports to output ports to transfer them along the end-end path based on the header fields of the IP datagram?

A

Routers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give the definition:
Moving packets from a router’s input link to the appropriate router output link

A

Forwarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give the definition:
Determining the route taken by packets from source to destination

A

Routing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which plane of the network layer is a local, per-router function that determines how arriving datagrams on the router input port are forwarded to the router output port?

A

Data plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which plane is a network-wide logic that determines how datagrams are routed among routers along the end-end path from source host to destination host?

A

Control plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which approach in the control plane has individual routing algorithm components in each and every router that interact in the control plane?

A

Per-router control plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which control plane has a remote controller that computes and installs forwarding tables in routers, to be used by the routers?

A

Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of Internet service does the network layer provide?

A

Best effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What layer of the input port of a router terminates incoming physical links at routers?

A

Physical layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the layers functions of the input port of a router interoperate with the link layer at the other side of an incoming link?

A

Link layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What part of a router performs control-plane functions?

A

Routing processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What function is described below?
The forwarding table is consulted to determine the router output port to which an arriving packet will be forwarded via the switching fabric. Control packets are then forwarded from an input port to the routing processor

A

Lookup function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of switching uses header field values to lookup the output port by using the forwarding table in the input port memory?

A

Decentralized switching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The goal of decentralized switching is to complete input port processing at … speed

A

line speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What sort of forwarding is based only on the destination IP address?

A

Destination-based forwarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What sort of forwarding is based on any set of header field values?

A

Generalized forwarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do we call the speed at which a router can handle incoming data as quickly as it arrives w.o. causing delays/bottlenecks?

A

Line speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give the definition:
When looking for forwarding table entries for given destination addresses, use the longest address prefix that matches the destination address

A

Longest prefix match

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do transfers packets from the input link to the appropriate output link?

A

Switching fabrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do we call the rate at which packets can be transferred from the input link to the output link?

A

The switching rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the three major types of switching fabrics?

A

Memory
Bus
Interconnection network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What sort of switching is done in the following way:
Packet copied to system’s memory

A

Switching via memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What sort of switching is done in the following way: Datagram from input port memory to output port memory via a shared bus
Switching via a bus
26
Give the definition: When switching speed is limited by bus bandwidth
Bus contention
27
What sort of switching is done in the following way: scaling using multiple switching planes in parallel to get speedup and scale via. parallelism
Switching via interconnection networks
28
What type of switch is an n * n switch from multiple stages of smaller switches?
Multistage switch
29
What sort of queueing occurs when datagrams arrive faster than the forwarding rate into the switch fabric?
Input port queueing
30
Give the definition: Queued datagram at the front of a queue that prevents others in the queue from moving forward
Head-Of-Line blocking (HOL)
31
Which ports store packets received from the switching fabric and transmit these packets on the outgoing link by performing the necessary link-layer and physical-layer functions?
Output ports
32
What is required when datagrams arrive from the switching fabric faster than the link transmission rate?
Buffering
33
To determine which datagrams to drop if there are no free buffers we need a...
drop policy
34
What discipline chooses among queued datagrams for transmission?
Scheduling discipline
35
What sort of queueing occurs when there is buffering when the arrival rate via the switch fabric exceeds the output line speed?
Outport port queueing
36
What happens if there is too much buffering?
Delays increase
37
Give the definition: Which packet to drop when buffers are full
Drop
38
What sort of drop drops arriving packets when buffers are full?
Tail drop
39
What sort of drop drops/removes packets on a priority basis when the buffers are full?
Priority drop
40
What do we call the process of choosing which packets to mark to signal congestion?
Marking
41
Which Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithm is this? Congestion avoidance algorithm that randomly drops packets before the router's buffer is full
Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm
42
What do we call the deciding of which packet to send next on a link?
Packet scheduling
43
What do we call the packet scheduling method where packets are transmitted in order of arrival to output port?
First Come, First Serve (FCFS)
44
What do we call the packet scheduling method when the arriving traffic is classified, then queued by class, and then the packet from the highest priority queue that has buffered packets is sent?
Priority queueing
45
What do we call the packet scheduling method where the arriving traffic is classified, then queued by class, and the the server cyclically and repeatedly scans class queues, to then send one complete packet from each class in turn?
Round Robin (RR) scheduling
46
What do we call the packet scheduling method where each class has a weight and gets a weighted amount of service in each cycle?
Weighted Fair Queueing (WFQ)
47
What do we call the 32-bit identifier associated with each host / router interface?
IP address
48
What two parts does the IP address consist of?
Subnet and host part
49
What do we call the connection between host/router and the physical link?
Interface
50
What are the device interfaces that can physically reach each other without passing through an intervening router?
Subnets
51
What do we define by detaching each interface from its host/router and creating islands of isolated networks?
Subnets
52
What do we call the routing that enables the subnet portion of an address to be of arbitrary length?
Classless InterDomain Routing (CIDR)
53
What protocol makes it possible for a host to get an IP address?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
54
How does an ISP get blocks of addresses?
Through the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
55
How does the network get the subnet part of an IP address?
Gets allocated a portion of its provider ISPs address space
56
⭐️ DHCP uses TCP as its transport protocol (T/F)
False
57
⭐️ DHCP is primarily used for routing data packets between networks (T/F)
False
58
What sort of protocol is DHCP?
Client-server
59
What protocol has the following goal: Host dynamically obtains IP address from network server when it joins the network
DHCP
60
What DHCP protocol message is on the following format: host broadcasts [optional]
DHCP discover
61
What DHCP protocol message is on the following format: DCHP server response [optional]
DHCP offer
62
What DHCP protocol message is on the following format: host requests IP address
DHCP request
63
What DHCP protocol message is on the following format: DHCP server sends address
DHCP ack
64
Is DHCP a client-server protocol?
Yes
65
What sort of addressing allows efficient advertisement of routing information?
Hierarchical addressing
66
What do we call the addressing that enables all devices in a local network to have 32-bit addresses in a "private" IP address space that can only be used in the local network?
Network Address Translation (NAT)
67
What is the main advantage of NAT?
Only 1 IP address is needed from a provider ISP for all devices
68
What parts of outgoing datagrams does a NAT router replace, and what are the parts replaced with?
source IP address replaced with NAT IP address old port number replaced with new port number
69
What parts of incoming datagrams does a NAT router replace, and what are the parts replaced with?
NAT IP address replaced with corresponding source IP address new port number replaced with port number stored in NAT table
70
What IP protocol had the following main motivation: The 32-bit address space of IPv4 could be completely allocated
IPv6
71
What parts of a IPv6 datagram have been removed in comparison to a IPv4 datagram?
Header checksum Fragmentation/reassembly Options
72
What is the main method used to handle the fact that not all routers have been upgraded to IPv6, and therefore still used IPv4?
Tunneling
73
Give the definition: IPv6 datagram carried as payload in IPv4 datagram IPv4 routers - packet within a packet
Tunneling
74
What are these three beliefs described as? Simple connectivity IP protocols Intelligence & complexity at network edge
The three cornerstone beliefs of the Internet
75
What is the following argument called: Some network functionality can be implemented in networks or at the network edge
The end-end argument
76
⭐️ What's this? - A set of device interfaces that can physically reach each other without passing through an intervening router. - A set of devices that have a common set of leading high order bits in their IP address.
Subnet
77
⭐️ Where is the network layer implemented? Select the options that are true a) The network layer is implemented in hosts at the network's edge. b) The network layer is implemented in routers in the network core. c) The network layer is implemented in Ethernet switches in a local area network. d) The network layer is implemented in wired Internet-connected devices but not wireless Internet- connected devices. e) None of the above
a & b
78
⭐️ Which fields only occur in the IPv6 datagram header, and don't appear in the IPv4 header?
- 128-bit source & destination IP addresses - The flow label field
79
⭐️ About DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? a) DHCP is a client-server protocol. b) DHCP allows a host to obtain (be allocated) an IP address automatically. c) With DHCP, it is not possible for a given host to receive the same IP address each time it connects to the network. d) DHCP relies on Link Layer broadcast to function. e) All of the above are false.
a, b, d
80
⭐️ About IPv4 and IPv6, which of the following statement(s) is / are correct? a) IPv6 has much larger address space than IPv4. b) While IPv4 header has a checksum field to aid a router in detecting bit errors in a received datagram, IPv6 does not have. c) IPv6 is less reliable in transporting datagrams than IPv4. d) IPv6 does not allow for fragmentation and reassembly at intermediate routers. e) Both IPv4 and IPv6 are connectionless.
a, b, d, e
81
⭐️ Does an IPv6 datagram contain a header checksum field?
No

Kommunikasjon - Tjenester og nett (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions