Chapter 4 Tour Of The Cell

Question 1

Where is dna in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Where is dna in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

Nucleoid

Question 3

Interior of the cell

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

What functions as a selective barrier at the boundary of every cell?

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Question 5

Plasma membrane is composed of

Answer 5

Double layer of phospholipids with various proteins attaches or embedded in it

Question 6

Flagellum

Answer 6

Motility structure present in some animal cells

Question 7

Centrosome

Answer 7

Region where the cells microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Reinforces the cell shape, functions in movement, components made of protein.  Include
Microfiliments 
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Microville

Question 9

Perixisomes

Answer 9

Organelle that produces hydrogen peroxide as a by product and then coverts it to water

Question 10

Mitochondrion

Answer 10

Organelle where cellular respiration takes place and most ATP is generated

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolized

Question 12

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 12

Organelle active in synthesis sorting and secretion of cell products

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

Make proteins, small dots free in cytosine or bound to rough er or nuclear envelopes

Question 14

Plasma membrane

Answer 14

Membrane enclosing the cell

Question 15

Nucleus consists of three parts

Answer 15

Nuclear envelope, nucleolis, chromatin

Question 16

Nuclear envelope

Answer 16

Double membrane enclosing nucleus

Question 17

Nucleolis

Answer 17

Nonmembranous structure involved in the production of ribosomes

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

Material consisting of dna and proteins

Question 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 19

Network of membranous sacs and tunes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes. Has rough and smooth regions

Question 20

Cell wall (plants)

Answer 20

Outer layer that maintains the cells shape and protects from damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides and protein

Question 21

Plasmodesmata (plant cell)

Answer 21

Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Question 22

Chloroplasts

Answer 22

Photosynthetic organelle coverts energy of sunlight to chemical energy

Question 23

Central vacuole

Answer 23

Organelle In older plants breakdown of waste products and hydrolysis of macromolecules

Question 24

The ______contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell

Answer 24

Nucleus

Question 25

Within the nucleus DNA is organized into discrete units called

Answer 25

Chromosomes

Question 26

The complex of dna and proteins making up a chromosomes are called

Answer 26

Chromatin

Question 27

Three main types of cell junctions in animal cells

Answer 27

Tight junctions Desmosomes Gap junctions

Question 28

Tight junctions

Answer 28

Plasma membranes of neighboring cells are pressed tightly together bound by proteins

Question 29

Desmosomes

Answer 29

Function like rivers fastening cells together into strong sheets

Question 30

Gap junctions

Answer 30

Provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another similar to plasmodesmata in plants

Question 31

Three important parameters of microscopy

Answer 31

Magnification, resolution, contrast

Question 32

Two types of electron microscopes

Answer 32

Scanning and transmission

Question 33

Basic features of all cells

Answer 33

Plasma membrane Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes

Question 34

The shape of the nucleus is maintained by the

Answer 34

Nuclear lamina

Question 35

Components of the endomembrane

Answer 35

``` Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Plasma membrane ```

Question 36

Smooth er

Answer 36

Synthesis lipids Metabolizes carbs Detoxifies drugs and poisons Stores calcium ions

Question 37

Rough er

Answer 37

Has bound ribosomes which secrete glycoproteins Distributes transport vesicles, protein surrounded by membranes Is a membrane factory for the cell

Question 38

Golgi app

Answer 38

Modified products of the er Sorts and packages Manufacturers macromolecules

Question 39

Phagocytosis

Answer 39

Cells engulfs another cell

Question 40

Autophagy

Answer 40

Recycle the cells own organelles

Question 41

Vacuoles

Answer 41

Large vessicles derived from the er and Golgi

Question 42

Mitochondrion

Answer 42

Found in nearly all eukaryotic cells Smooth outer membrane folded into cristae Inner membrane creates two compartments, the inter membrane space and mitochondrial matrix Cristae present a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize atp

Question 43

Chloroplast structure includes

Answer 43

Thylakoids, membranous sacs, stacked to form a granum Stroma- the internal fluid

Question 44

Chloroplast is one group of plant organelle called

Answer 44

Plastids

Question 45

Cytoskeleton

Answer 45

Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasms

Question 46

3 types of fiber make up the cytoskeleton

Answer 46

Microtubules - thickest Microfiliments -thinnest Intermediate filaments -middle

Question 47

In animal cells microtubules grow out from a

Answer 47

Centrosome

Question 48

The centrosome is a

Answer 48

Microtubule organizing center The centrosome has a pair of centrioles, each with nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring

Question 49

Protein that drives the bending movement of flagella and cilium

Answer 49

Dynein

Question 50

What proteins interact to cause muscle contraction

Answer 50

Actin and myosin