Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards
(27 cards)
Electromagnetic radiation
A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
Continuous spectrum
The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic spectrum
All the forms of electromagnetic radiation
Excited state
A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it had in it ground state
Frequency
The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second
Ground state
The lowest energy state of an atom
Line-emission spectrum
When a narrow beam of the emitted light was shined through a prism it was separated into a series of specific frequencies of visible light
Photoelectric effect
Refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal
Photon
A particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy
Quantum
The minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom
Wavelength
The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
Angular momentum quantum number
Indicates the shape of the orbital (symbol l)
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
States that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
Magnetic quantum number
Indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus (symbol m)
Orbital
A three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron
Principle quantum number
Indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron (symbol n)
Spin quantum number
Has only two possible values +1/2 and -1/2 which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital
Aufbau principle
An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it
Electron configuration
The arrangement of electrons in an atom
Highest occupied level
The electron-containing main energy level with the highest principle quantum number
Hund’s rule
Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbits must have the same spin
Inner-shell electrons
The electrons that are not in the highest occupied energy level
Noble gases
Group 18 elements on the periodic table (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon)
Noble-gas configuration
An outer main energy level fully occupied, in most cases, by eight electrons
