chapter 4 water in the atmosphere

Question 1

radiation fog

Answer 1

results when the ground radiates heat away at night, cooling air above it to the dew point

Question 2

advection fog

Answer 2

results from moist air moving over cold surface that lowers its temperature to the dew point.
what is seen in winnipeg

Question 3

condensation nuclei

Answer 3

small particles, .2 micrometers in diameter that provide a surface on which water vapor can condense

Question 4

collision and coalescence

Answer 4

the process by which cloud droplets merge to make rain drops

Question 5

collision and coalescence occurs ar

Answer 5

-15 degrees C and warmer in clouds

Question 6

ice crystal process

Answer 6

forms snow in clouds in which the temperature is 0 or below

snow can form through deposition or contact freezing

Question 7

which process occurs in warm clouds and what is the temperature

Answer 7

collision and coalescence process

above 0 degrees C

Question 8

which process occurs in cold clouds and what is the temperature

Answer 8

ice crystal process

below 0 degrees C

Question 9

with the exception of ___ all types of precipitation are produced through the collision and coalescence process or the ice crystal process

Answer 9

hail

Question 10

______ _____ of the atmosphere determines which form or precipitation occurs

Answer 10

temperature profile

Question 11

hail

Answer 11

hard round pellets of ice 5 mm or more in diameter

Question 12

hail forms in _____ clouds

Answer 12

cumulonimbus

Question 13

graupel

Answer 13

small pieces of ice before turning into hailstones

Question 14

evaporation

Answer 14

change in the state of water from a liquid to a gas

Question 15

transpiration

Answer 15

plants change liquid water into water vapour by breathing it out the pores on their leaves during photosynthesis

Question 16

condensation

Answer 16

change in the state of water from a gas to a liquid

Question 17

sublimation

Answer 17

ice shifts directly to water vapour

Question 18

deposition

Answer 18

water vapour forms directly into ice

Question 19

precipitation

Answer 19

solid or liquid water that falls from clouds to the ground

Question 20

clouds

Answer 20

suspended microscopic water droplets and ice crystals that are visible only when they are grouped together in very large numbers

Question 21

hydrologic cycle

Answer 21

the circulation of water within the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydorsphere

Question 22

evapotranspiration

Answer 22

the source of all water vapour in the atmosphere

Question 23

latent heat

Answer 23

the energy that is absorbed or released during a state change, such as evaporation or condensation

Question 24

evaporation ____ the environment and condensation ____ the environment.

Answer 24

cools

warms

Question 25

humidity

Answer 25

the water vapour content of the air

Question 26

net condensation

Answer 26

occurs when condensation exceeds evaporation, resulting in saturation of the air

Question 27

saturation

Answer 27

the point at which water vapour content is equal to water vapour capacity

Question 28

net evaporation

Answer 28

occurs when evaporation exceeds condensation

Question 29

vapour pressure

Answer 29

the portion of air pressure exerted exclusively by molecules of water vapour

Question 30

specific humidity

Answer 30

water vapour content of the atmosphere, expressed in grams of water per kg of air

Question 31

relative humidity

Answer 31

ratio of water vapour content to water vapour capacity, expressed as a percent

Question 32

temperature and RH are ___ related.

Answer 32

inversely

Question 33

dew point

Answer 33

temperature at which air becomes saturated

Question 34

frost point

Answer 34

when the dew point is at or below freezing, deposition forms crystals of ice called frost

Question 35

dew point depression

Answer 35

the difference between the air temperature and the dew point temperature

Question 36

air parcel

Answer 36

a body of air with uniform humidity and temperature

Question 37

adiabatic cooling vs adiabatic warming

Answer 37

cooling- cooling of an air parcel through expansion | warming- warming of an air parcel through compression

Question 38

dry adiabatic rate

Answer 38

rateof temperature change in an unsaturated parcel of air, water vapour in it but you cannot feel it

Question 39

environmental lapse rate

Answer 39

decrease in air temperature outside the air parcel as altitude increases

Question 40

moist adiabatic rate

Answer 40

rate of cooling in a saturated air parcel

Question 41

unstable vs stable atmosphere

Answer 41

unstable- air parcels that are warmer and less dense that the surrounding air and rise on their own stable- the interior of air parcels is cooler and denser than the surrounding air

Question 42

rain shadow

Answer 42

the dry environment on the leeward side of a mountain range, caused by adiabatic warming

Question 43

convective uplift

Answer 43

rising of an air parcel that is warmer and less dense than the surrounding air

Question 44

orographic uplift

Answer 44

rising of air over mountains

Question 45

frontal uplift

Answer 45

rising of warm air masses where they meet relatively cold air masses

Question 46

convergent uplift

Answer 46

rising of air as a result of converging airflow

Question 47

intertropical convergence zone

Answer 47

converging and rising air strengthens convective uplift and thunderstorms, convective and convergent uplift blend together into a single process

Question 48

nimbostratus

Answer 48

rain producing low level sheets of clouds

Question 49

cumulonimbus

Answer 49

cloud that extends high into the atmosphere and is capable of strong vertical development and severe weather

Question 50

cirrus

Answer 50

high clouds with a feathery appearance that are composed of ice crystals

Question 51

stratus

Answer 51

clouds that are low flat sheets

Question 52

nimbostratus

Answer 52

rain producing sheets of clouds

Question 53

cumulus

Answer 53

bunched clouds with a flat base and billowy upper portions that often rise high into the troposphere

Question 54

cumulonimbus

Answer 54

heaped up rain and hail clouds capabe of strong vertical development that may produce severe weather