Chapter 40 Lecture Flashcards
(39 cards)
If thermoregulation is a secondary function of the large ears of the jackrabbit, then the primary function would be what?
to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal
When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will do what?
CONSTRICT the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears
Which best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better suited over evolutionary time to specific functions?
Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant.
Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because…
the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming
Evolutionary adaptations that help diverse animals directly exchange matter between cells and the environment include:
- an external respiratory surface
- a small body size
- a two cell-layered body
The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals, such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals, has evolved because…
it is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly
The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because…
they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.
All animals, whether large or small, have…
each living cell in contact with an AQUEOUS MEDIUM
As body size increases in animals…
there is a decrease in surface-to-volume ratio
To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have…
increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches.
The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells:
provide abundant exchange surfaces
INTERSTITIAL FLUID is…
the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells.
The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered “polarized” because…
the structures on the apical surface are different than those on the basal surface.
Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with…
EPITHELIAL tissue
An example of a CONNECTIVE tissue is the:
BLOOD
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM is composed of…
several layers of boxlike cells.
Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by… which system?
the ENDOCRINE system
CONNECTIVE TISSUES typically have:
relatively few cells
&
a large amount of extracellular matrix
The fibers responsible for the elastic resistance properties of TENDONS are…
ELASTIN fibers
If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains:
ELASTIN fibers
The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the:
GLIAL cells
FIBROBLASTS secrete:
PROTEINS for CONNECTIVE FIBERS
Breathing is accomplished via the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of….
SKELETAL MUSCLE
BLOOD is best classified as a CONNECTIVE tissue because…
its cells are separated from each other by an
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
