Chapter 41

Question 1

How are anterior Perapicals positioned in the mouth?

Answer 1

Vertically positioned

Question 2

How are Posterior Periapicals positioned in the mouth?

Answer 2

Horizontally positioned

Question 3

When vertical angulation is incorrect what errors can occurs?

Answer 3

Elongation and Foreshortening

Question 4

What does a elongation error mean?

Answer 4

Not enough vertical angulation

Question 5

What does a foreshortening error mean?

Answer 5

Too much vertical angulation

Question 6

When horizontal angulation is incorrect what is the result?

Answer 6

Overlapping is the result

Question 7

What are the two types of techniques used for exposing rad?

Answer 7

Paralleling technique and bisecting technique

Question 8

When you are exposing images in which area of the mouth should you begin?

Answer 8

Maxillary Anterior

Question 9

What type of film holders can be used in the bisecting angle technique?

Answer 9

BAI, Eezzee grip, and stable bite block

Question 10

In the bisecting technique where is the film placed?

Answer 10

Directly against the teeth

Question 11

The bisecting technique is good for patients that have:

Answer 11

small mouth, shallow palate or tori

Question 12

What degree of vertical angulation does a bite-wing radiographs require?

Answer 12

+10 degrees

Question 13

Why is an exposure sequence important?

Answer 13

So that you do not take the same x-ray twice or forget to take an exposure

Question 14

How are Anterior PAs positioned?

Answer 14

Vertically positioned in mouth

Question 15

How are Posterior PA’s positioned?

Answer 15

Horizontally positioned in the mouth

Question 16

How are Bite-wings positioned?

Answer 16

Horizontally or vertically positioned in the mouth

Question 17

What is the first tooth exposed during FMX?

Answer 17

1-3 max (right to left)

Question 18

What is exposed after the 1-3 max right to left?

Answer 18

3-3 man (left to right)

Question 19

When exposing the posterior teeth what do you start with?

Answer 19

Premolar before Molars

Question 20

How many posterior film are used in FMX for adults?

Answer 20

12 in total (8PA and 4BW)

Question 21

If a gag reflex is really severe what may be necessary?

Answer 21

Extra-oral film may be necessary

Question 22

How many anterior film are used in FMX?

Answer 22

6 anterior PA’s

Question 23

XCP instruments- Blue

Answer 23

Anterior PA

Question 24

XCP instruments-Yellow

Answer 24

Posterior PA

Question 25

XCP instruments- Red

Answer 25

Bite-wing

Question 26

A good diagnostic quality radiograph for endodontics you would be able to see __ mm beyond the apex

Answer 26

5 mm

Question 27

A PA for any other reason other than endodontics is __ mm beyond the apex

Answer 27

2-3 mm

Question 28

What are 4 things that can be detected on a bitewing:

Answer 28

- Interproximal caries - Recurrent decay under restorations - Crestal Bone - Early carious lesions

Question 29

The 4 steps to achieving quality dental images:

Answer 29

Placement Exposure Processing Quality Radiographs

Question 30

5 basic rules that need to be followed when using the paralleling technique:

Answer 30

``` Receptor placement Receptor Position Vertical angulation Horizontal angulation Central Ray ```

Question 31

Occlusal radiographs can be used for the following (4) purposes:

Answer 31

Locate retained roots of extracted teeth Locate supernumerary teeth Locate salivary stones Examine the area of a cleft palate

Question 32

5 things the periapical view is used for:

Answer 32

- shows entire tooth from occlusal surface or incisal edge to about 2-3 mm beyond the apex to show the periapical bone - diagnose pathogenic conditions of the tooth, root,bone and abscess - tooth formation and eruption - endodontics - surgical procedures

Question 33

Vertical Angulation ranges for bisecting Technique for the Maxillary dentition:

Answer 33

``` Canines= +45 to +55 Incisors= +40 to +50 Premolars= + 30 to +40 Molars= +20 to +30 ```

Question 34

Vertical Angulation ranges for bisecting Technique for the Mandibular dentition:

Answer 34

``` Canines= -20 to -30 incisors= -15 to -25 Premolars= -10 to -15 Molars= -5 to -0 ```

Question 35

6 Guidelines for film placement?

Answer 35

- white side of film always faces teeth - Posterior teeth always positioned horizontally - Anterior teeth always positioned vertically - dot in the slot - film holder always positioned away from teeth + toward the middle of mouth - film centered over areas to be examined - film placed parallel to the long axis of the teeth

Question 36

8 Guidelines for mounting radiographs?

Answer 36

- handle by edges - learn normal anatomy of max and man - label and date film mount before mounting (full name, date of exposure and dentists name) - mount immediately after processing - clean dry hands - order of teeth to distinguish right side from left - use order for mounting films - mount bite-wing radiographs with the curve of spee directed upward toward the distal.