Chapter 39

Question 1

Digital imaging 5 advantages

Answer 1

• requires less radiation
• eliminates chemicals and hazardous waste
• allows for enhancements and measurements
• allows for easy referrals
• less lost films

Question 2

Digital imaging 5 disadavtages

Answer 2

• costly start up price
• sensors can be damaged if handled incorrectly
• learning the computer software
• thickness and rigidity of sensor
• infection control

Question 3

4 different types of intraoral film holders

Answer 3

Plastic and styrofoam type disposable bite block
EeZee grip holder (snap-a-Ray)
Endoray- used for root Canal procedure
Rinn XCP instruments (colour coded for easier assembly)

Question 4

Layers that make up dental x-ray film

Answer 4

1. Film Base : made of clear cellulose acetate
2. Adhesive layer: sticks emulsion to base
3. Emulsion: Gelatine and sliver halide crystals ( don’t really mix together)
4. Protective layer: protects emulsion

Question 5

3 things Film speed is determined:

Answer 5

1. Size of halide crystals
2. Thickness of the emulsion
3. Presence of special radiosensitive dyes

Question 6

3 types of x-ray films used in dentistry

Answer 6

Intraoral film- placed inside mouth has emulsion on both side of the film instead of just one
Extraoral film-placed outside the mouth examples: panoramic, cephalometric films also TMJ
Duplicating film-used only in darkroom using duplicating machine. Never exposed to x-rays. Sensitive to light and has emulsion on one side only.

Question 7

Two types of intensifying screen film used for Extraoral radiology:

Answer 7

Green sensitive film- used with cassettes that have rare earth intensifying screens
Blue sensitive film- used with cassettes that have calcium tungstate intensifying screens

Question 8

Films sizes:

Answer 8

#0 =child size 
#1= anterior views on adults and children 
#2= adult size (bite wings or periapicals) 
#3= preformed bite wings (not used a lot in private practice)
#4= occlusal view

Question 9

5 steps in processing manually

Answer 9

1. Developing
2. Rinsing
3. Fixing
4. Washing
5. Drying

Question 10

4 steps in processing automatically

Answer 10

1. Developing
2. Fixing
3. Washing
4. Drying

Question 11

The darkroom

Answer 11

2 different types of lighting: room lighting and safe lighting (min 4 ft away from film and working area)
Should have adequate working space,proper lighting, good ventilation, equipped w/ necessary devices and supplies and kept clean at all times.

Question 12

9 Requirements for a film processing darkroom

Answer 12

1. Infection control items

2. Container for biohazard or contaminated items

Question 13

Pour quality radiographs may results from the following:

Answer 13

1) time and temp of the solutions
2) chemical contamination
3) film handling errors ex: finger prints
4) lighting errors

Question 14

Film

Answer 14

The correct term to use before it has been processed. After the film has been processed, it becomes a radiograph.

Question 15

Latent Image

Answer 15

Image on film before it is processed.

Question 16

Dental film holders

Answer 16

Device used to hold and align intraoral dental x-Ray film or sensor.

Question 17

Used for dental film holders

Answer 17

Keeps patients fingers from being exposed to x-radiation

Properly positions the film

Question 18

CCD-charge coupled device

Answer 18

Digital sensor and contains x-Ray assentive silicon chip

Question 19

Film speed

Answer 19

Refers to the amount of radiation required to produce a radiograph of standard density (darkness)

Question 20

Film packet

Answer 20

Film is seated in a film packet to protect it from light and moisture.

Question 21

ALARA concept

Answer 21

Keeping exposure to a minimum. Me aim you do not take x-Rays unless necessary. ALARA stands for: as low as responsibly achievable.

Question 22

Film storage

Answer 22

Film should be stored according to manufacturers instructions; this includes protecting them from light,heat,moisture, chemicals and scatter radiation.

Question 23

Most common processing error

Answer 23

Finger prints

Question 24

Temp for automatic processor

Answer 24

68 degrees

Question 25

Reticulation

Answer 25

Appearance of cracks and bumps due to sudden temp change. Left in the developer too long film will look dark. Left in fixed for too long the film will look to light.

Question 26

Processing solutions

Answer 26

2 types developer and fixer Most popular form is liquid concentrate Manual processing solutions CANNOT be used in the automatic process Automatic processing solutions CAN be used in the manual process Most commonly used form is automatic processing Replenish solutions daily in processing machine

Question 27

2types of Darkroom lighting

Answer 27

Room lighting | Safe-lighting(4 feet away from film and working area)

Question 28

Darkroom should have

Answer 28

``` Adequate working space Proper lighting Good ventilation Equipped with the necessary device and supplies Kept clean at all times ```

Question 29

Package disposal

Answer 29

The lead foil from the radiograph packets are considered hazardous waste must not be disposed of in a regular garbage.

Question 30

Outer packet

Answer 30

The outer wrapper protects the film from exposure to light and saliva.

Question 31

Tube side

Answer 31

The solid white side that faces the tube or the PID. If you can see colour or writing on your packet then you have your film in the holder improperly

Question 32

Label side

Answer 32

Is the coloured or written side of the packet also known as the tongue side. Has a flap that is used to open the film packet.

Question 33

Film cassettes

Answer 33

Can b plastic or metal case used to hold the film and intensifying screens and protect it from exposure to light. Cassettes are available in rigid and flexible styles.