Chapter 4.1 Communicable Diseases Flashcards
(57 cards)
What’s a pathogen ?
1
A microorganism that causes disease
What are the 4 main pathogens?
4
- bacteria
- Fungi
- virus
- protoctista
What is the pathogen life cycle ?
4
- transmission
- enter hosts tissues
- reproduce
- leaves hosts tissues
Name the types of direct message transmission ?
4
- direct physical contact
- fecal-oral transmission
- Droplet infection
- spores
What are some social factors that effect the spread of disease?
(5)
- overcrowding
- poor ventilation
- poor health and diet
- homelessness
- living and working with people who migrated from areas where the disease was high
What is the life cycle of plasmodium ?
7
1- female anopheles mosquito sucks blood 2-plasmodium migrates to the salivary glands of the mosquito 3-uninflected person bitten 4-plasmodium migrates to liver 5-plasmodium migrates to blood 6-a person with malaria 7-gametes of Plasmodium in blood
Direct Transmission of plant pathogens?
3
1- entering roots
2-spores
3-fruit seeds / leaves
Why indirect transmission of pathogens in plants?
- insect attack
In what climate are pathogen easily spread ?
1
WARM / MOIST conditions
What is Callose ?
Large polysaccharide deposit which blocks Old phloem sieve tubes .
What is Tylose?
Balloon like swelling or projection which fills the Xylem Vessel
What are the physical defensive of a plant ?
7
- cellulose cell wall
- lignin
- waxy cuticle
- bark
- stomata closure
- Callose
- tylose
What are the chemical defenders of a plant ?
DAPHT
(5)
- defensins
- Alkaloids
- phenols
- hydrolytic enzyme
- terpenoids
What’s a terpenOID ?
Oid ?
- essential oil ( antibacterial / antifungal)
What’s a phEnol?
(3)
Alcohol - chemical ?
Release chemicals which deactivate enzymes ie : tyrpsin
Tannins - inhibit arrack by insect
What’s an alkaloid ?
3
- bitter taste ie: caffeine
- stops animals from eating it
- inhibits protein synthesis
What’s a defensin ?
(3)
DETOL LIKE
- small cysteine rich proteins
- antimicrobial
What’s a hydrolytic enzyme ?
-ie :chitinase break down cell walls !
What are the ACTIVE defences of a plant ?
6
- increasing physical defences
- cell wall thickened
- deposition of Callose
- Oxidative bursts
- production of chemicals
- Necrosis
What’s Necrosis ?
1
- deliberate cell suicide
Primary defended against disease ( non specific ) ?
8
1-skin 2-blood clotting and skin repair 3-mucous membranes 4-coughing and sneezing 5-inflammation 6-other Ie : >eyes ( antibodies /enzymes in tears) >ear wax >female reproductive system ( mucous plug and acidic conditions in Vagina)
Outline how the skin is a defence ?
6
- physical barrier
- epidermis BASE ( keratinocytes- which divide by Mitosis )
- when keratinocytes migrate to the TOP :
- cytoplasm dries out and is replaced with KERATIN
- KERATINISATION
- so layer of top cells = DEAD
How does a blood clot form ?
10
1-injury to blood vessel release clotting factors
2-platelets join up=collagen
3-prothrombin —> thrombin ( enzyme )
4-thrombin turns
Soluble fibrinogen—> insoluble Fibrin
5-Fibrin attaches to platelets=clot
6-RBC/ platelets trapped inside clot = PLATELET PLUG
7-enzyme cascade rises
8-clot dries out > shrinks > draws sides of cuts together
9-stem cells divide >new cells > new skin
10- repaired !
How does the inflammatory response occur ? 5
1-mast cell detects microorganism
2-Histamine —> releases ( capillary wall is more permeable )
3-Vasodilation/phagocytosis ( phagocytes move to blood plasma )
4-production of tissue fluid increases as phagocytes and blood plasma enter tissue
5-OEDEMA ( swelling )
