Chlater 4.2 Biodiversity Flashcards Preview

BIOLOGY AS OCR > Chlater 4.2 Biodiversity > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chlater 4.2 Biodiversity Deck (24)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Species richness ?

1

A
  • number of different species in a community
2
Q

Species evenness ? (1)

A
  • comparison of abundance of different species in habitat
3
Q

What are the 3 Kinds of biodiversity ?

3

A
  • habitat biodiversity
  • species biodiversity
  • genetic biodiversity
4
Q

What’s an example of random sampling ?

2

A
  • names of 25 workers chosen out of hat of 250 workers ( random )
  • randomly generated coordinates & sampling sites randomly selected.
5
Q
What’s opportunistic sampling? 
Advantage 
Disadvantage 
Example 
(4)
A
  • researcher makes decision based on prior knowledge
  • advantage : easier and quicker than random sampling
  • disadvantage:biased ( attracted to interesting areas =large or colourful species )
  • “tigers seen in north of the forest so we will sample there ,”
6
Q

What’s stratified sampling?
Advantage ?
Example ?
(3)

A
  • divide habitats into areas which look different and sample each area separately
  • ensures all areas of habitat are sampled
  • “divide swimmers into age groups and sample each age group ,”
7
Q
What’s systematic sampling ? 
Advantage 
Disadvantage 
Example 
(4)
A
  • samples taken at fixed intervals across habitat
  • useful when habitats shows gradient of environmental factor( drier further away )
  • only species on line or within belt recorded = species missed ? UNDERESTIMATE
  • example : belt transect
8
Q

Why is sampling important?

3

A
  • provides estimates
  • whole pop = too time consuming
  • samples = representative
9
Q

What does a high Simpson’s diversity index mean ?

4

A
  • high species evenness / richness
  • high biodiversity
  • stable habitat
  • many species present
10
Q

Why is important to conserve “ certain animal ,” ?

7

A
  • heritage
  • maintains biodiversity
  • interdependence and food chain
  • ecotourism
  • moral reasons
  • religious reasons
  • aesthetic reasons
11
Q

Why is ex situ a good idea ?

6

A
  • protected from posher and poaching
  • health can be maintained
  • population divided and so can survive disasters
  • selective breeding (IVF)
  • research and conservation
  • awareness, money , education
12
Q

How to improve sampling ?

4

A
  • collect in different weather & wider area
  • collect at different times of the day
  • method to avoid recounting
  • capture -recapture
13
Q

What’s should a company consider when building ? EQS ?

6

A
  • biodiversity / rare and endangered species
  • rarity of habitats
  • effect of reduction in size
  • minimal impact
  • pollution effects
  • relocation of population
14
Q

How do you sample an area ?

6

A
  • unbiased method
  • sample many times & find mean
  • standard sweeping procedure
  • ensure specimens don’t escape
  • prevent recounting
  • sample at different times of year , day , month
15
Q

What’s the natural selection procedure ?

4

A
  • characteristic or mutation occurs
  • environment applies selective pressures
  • they have a selective advantages
  • desirable characteristics passed on to next generations
16
Q

What’s it CITES ?
Aims ?
(1)
(3)

A

-CITES =convention of international trade in endangered species
-aims :
•regulate and monitor trade
•ensure international trade doesn’t effect survival populations in the wild
•less endangered species = allowed to trade

17
Q

What’s the Rio convention aims ?

3

A
  • conservation of biodiversity
  • sustainable use of components
  • share knowledge and technology
18
Q

Why are seed banks good ?
One negative ?
(5)

A
  • easy to store / numerous seeds
  • less likely to be destroyed with diseases and pests
  • less harm to environment
  • negative : eventually seeds mutate and change
  • plants take up too much rooms
19
Q

What’s does critically endangered mean ?

2

A
  • likely to become extinct
  • numbers not sustainable
  • numbers drop bellows 10% of original pop - more than 90% decrease
  • numbers too low for survival of species
20
Q

What are the implications of reduction in biodiversity in crops and farming , example ?
(3)

A
  • monoculture = no genetic variation
  • agriculture demands change
  • more likely to be wipe out by disease
21
Q

Why do we need variation ?

3

A
  • population more likely to survive if there is variation
  • drive evolution.
  • interdependence within species and habitats
22
Q

What’s does species evenness show ?

3

A
  • measure abundance and is more Quantitative than species richness
  • high species evenness = high biodiversity
  • used to calculate Simpson’s diversity index
23
Q

How does selective breeding work ?

- (6)

A

1-cross breed two individuals with desirable characteristics
2-test offspring for disease
3-selects best offspring
4-interbreed & continue for generations
5-regularly back cross with other populations to stop breeding close relatives
6-preserve rare varieties ( needed for future )

24
Q

What equipment could you use to sample insect and animals ?

5

A
  • tullgren funnel ( leaf litter )
  • pitfall traps ( small insects )
  • longworth traps ( small mammals )
  • sweep nets ( insects )
  • hit Tree with stick ( small insects )