Chapter 4.11 Translation of the Genetic Code

Question 1

What is translation?

Answer 1

The synthesis of proteins from RNA

Question 2

A triplet of nucleic acid bases (Codon) encodes a single Amino Acid is known as what?

Answer 2

Genetic Code

• Specific codons for starting and stopping translation

Question 3

What does a degenerate code mean?

Answer 3

When multiple codons encode a single Amino Acid

Question 4

What attachment on tRNA recognizes a corresponding codon?

Answer 4

Anticodons match with corresponding Codons

Example:

CAG matches with GUC

Question 5

What is a Wobble?

Answer 5

Irregular base pairing allowed at third position of mRNA, first position of tRNA

Basically the third nucleotide on mRNA (codon) (Could be a G or something) doesn’t match with the first nucleotide on the tRNA (anticodon) (Should be a C to match with G)

Question 6

What terminates translation? (Examples would be UAA, UAG, and UGA)

Answer 6

Stop codons

Question 7

Translation beings with AUG. What is AUG known as?

Answer 7

Start Codon

Question 8

What is the reading frame when talking about translation?

Answer 8

Triplet code requires translation to begin at the correct nucleotide

Question 9

What sequence ensures proper reading frame?

Answer 9

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 10

AUG followed by a number of codons and a stop condon in the same reading frame.

This is known as what?

Answer 10

Open reading frame (ORF)

Question 11

What is a codon bias?

Answer 11

Multiple codons for the same Amino Acid are not used equally

• Varies with organism
• Correlated with tRNA availability
• Cloned genes from one organism may not be translated
by recipient organism because of codon bias

Question 12

• Some organelles and a few cells have slight
variations of the genetic code (e.g., mitochondria of
animals, Mycoplasma, and Paramecium)

This is just a thing to note. There is no back.

Answer 12

Daniel Benoit is super cool.