Chapter 4.8 and 4.9 The Unit of Transcription and Transcription in Archaea and Eukarya

Question 1

What is the Unit of Transcription?

Answer 1

Unit of chromosome bound by sites where transcription of DNA to RNA is initiated and terminated

Question 2

Most genes encode proteins, but some RNAs are not translated, which RNAs are not?

Answer 2

rRNA and tRNA

Question 3

What are the three types of rRNA

Answer 3

16S, 23S, and 5S

Question 4

Are tRNA and rRNA stable?

Answer 4

Yes, they are very stable

Question 5

What is a mRNA encoding a group of cotranscribed genes called?

Answer 5

A polycistronic mRNA

Question 6

How many RNA polymerase do Archaea contain?

Answer 6

One

Question 7

Archaea have a simplified version of Eukaryotic _______ apparatus

Answer 7

Transcription Apparatus

• Promoters and RNA polymerase similar to eukaryotes

• Regulation of transcription has major similarities with
Bacteria

Question 8

What are the coding and non-coding regions of Eukaryotic genes?

Answer 8

Exons and Introns

Question 9

What is an Exon?

Answer 9

Exons are the coding sequences

Question 10

What is an Introns?

Answer 10

Introns are the intervening sequences

• Are rare in Archaea
• Are found in tRNA and rRNA genes of Archaea

Question 11

Many RNA molecules are altered before they carry out their role in the cell. What is this process called?

Answer 11

Eukaryotic RNA processing

Question 12

What does the process of RNA splicing consist of?

Answer 12

Take place in nucleus

Removes introns from RNA transcripts

Performed by the spliceosome

Question 13

What is the addition of a methylated guanine to the 5’ end of mRNA called?

Answer 13

RNA capping

Question 14

What is a Poly (A) tail?

Answer 14

It is the Addition of 100-200 adenylate residues

Stabilizes mRNA and is required for translation