Chapter 43 Anticoagulants

Question 1

What does hemostasis mean?

Answer 1

The slowing or stopping of blood flow

Question 2

What does coagulation mean?

Answer 2

The formation of clot

Question 3

What does fibrinolysis mean?

Answer 3

The breakdown of a blood clot

Question 4

What does thrombus mean?

Answer 4

A blood clot obstructing flow in a vessel

Question 5

What does thromboembolic disorder?

Answer 5

A disorder in which the body forms unnecessary clots

Question 6

What does embolus mean?

Answer 6

A clot traveling through a vessel

Question 7

What does thrombocytopenia mean?

Answer 7

Low platelet count

Question 8

What does hemophilia mean?

Answer 8

Genetic bleeding disorder

Question 9

What are the 3 drugs that we use to maintain or restore circulation?

Answer 9

Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets
Thrombolytics

Question 10

What does anticoagulants do?

Answer 10

Prevent the formation of clots that inhibit circulation

Question 11

What does anti platelets do?

Answer 11

Prevent platelet aggregation

Question 12

What does thrombolytics do?

Answer 12

Attack and dissolve blood clots that have already formed

Question 13

Thrombolyics are the only drug that help dissolve clots?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Anticoagulants are also known as antithrombotic drugs

Do they effect a blood clot that has already developed?

Answer 14

Nope

Question 15

Labs for patients on anticoagulant therapy

What is prothrombin time?
Usually used when someone is on ??

Answer 15

PT measures the time it takes the plasma to clot

Warfarin

Question 16

Labs for patients on anticoagulant therapy
INR used for?
Treatment goal is?

Answer 16

Used for standardized the PT test, making up for any difference in lab

2-3

Question 17

Labs for patients on anticoagulant therapy

Activated partial thromboplastin time?

Answer 17

Used to monitor clotting times when on heparin

Question 18

Warfarin -> PT(war)
Heparin -> PTT&APTT

Question 19

Heparin can be given how? (2)
Usually we have to what?
Short half life of how long?

Answer 19

IV & SUB
Double check it with another nurse
1-2 hours

Question 20

What is the antidote of heparin?

Answer 20

Protamine sulfate

Question 21

Do you give over damage tissues?
Do you give 2 inches from umbilicus?

Heparin!

Answer 21

NO!!

Question 22

Do you aspirate subq heparin shots?
Why?

Answer 22

No
Cause hematoma

Question 23

What is low molecular weight heparin?

Answer 23

Think of lovenox
Less able to inactive thrombin
Prevent DVT & PE after surger
Lower risk of bleeding
(12 hour half life )

Question 24

How much low molecular weight heparin given to?

Answer 24

Twice a day

It’s really low so patients get sent home in this

Question 25

Don’t take aspirin with low molecular weight heparin why?

Answer 25

Because bleeding

Question 26

Do you rub after administration of low weight molecular heparin?

Answer 26

NO!!! Hematoma!!

Question 27

What is an example of oral anticoagulants?

Answer 27

Warfarin!

Question 28

What is the action of warfarin?

Answer 28

Inhibits hepatic synthesis of vitamin k

Question 29

What is the antidote for warfarin?

Answer 29

Vitamin K

Question 30

Can warfarin be started while the patient is still on heparin? And how can this be safe to know?

Answer 30

Yes Looking at the PT and INR levels

Question 31

Do we use NSAIDS with warfarin?

Answer 31

No because highly protein bound and cause toxicity

Question 32

How long does warfarin take to start working?

Answer 32

Takes a few days Usually heparin and warfain at the same time, so when it’s time to go home, heparin is stopped and warfarin is used to take home

Question 33

What’s the only thing pain relief or fever that people on anticoagulants can take?

Answer 33

Tylenol

Question 34

It’s super important to tell dentist when they are using anticoagulants!!!

Question 35

What is antiplatelets? Used for? - prevent thrombosis - prevent MI & stroke - prevention TIA

Answer 35

Suppress platelet aggregation Single file line going through the blood vessels

Question 36

What is an example of antiplatelye medications?

Answer 36

Aspirin

Question 37

What is aspirin used for?

Answer 37

Prevent MI, thromboembolism and treatment of stroke

Question 38

How much daily aspirin?

Answer 38

81mg

Question 39

Plavix is another medication that’s antiplatelet

Question 40

What is theombolytics?

Answer 40

Dissolving clots!!! Bind to fibrin promoting conversion of plasminogen plasmin

Question 41

What is thrombokytics used for?

Answer 41

PE,DVT, thrombolytic stroke

Question 42

What are the 3 biggest adverse reaction of thrombolytics?

Answer 42

Anaphylactic Dysrhyhmias Hemorrhage