CHAPTER 4.3 Mini Quiz Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the reduction of the attractive fore between a positively charged nucleus and its outermost electrons due to the cancellation of some of the positive charge by the negative charges of the inner electrons
Electron shielding
What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion
Ionization energy
What is half the distance from the center to center of two atoms that are bonded together
Bond radius
What is the measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
Electronegativity
Ionization energy ________ as you move down a group
Decreases
Why does ionization energy decrease as you move down a group
Because as you move down a group energy levels are added, this makes the valence electrons move farther away from the nucleus which makes them easier to take away. Electrons in the inner energy levels also shield the outermost electrons from the full attractive force of the nucleus so it is easier to pull the valence electrons away
Ionization energy ______ as you move across a period
Increases
Why does ionization energy increase as you move across a period
Because as you move across a period one electron and one proton is added each successive time, this added proton makes the nuclear charge stronger and the added electron is just added to same energy level, the stronger nuclear charge more strongly attracts the outermost electrons, thus making it harder to take electrons and make the atom an ion
Atomic radius ________ as you move down a group
Increases
Why does atomic radius increase as you move down a group
As you move down a group an additional energy level is added therefore the atomic radius increases
Atomic radius _______ as you move across a period
Decreases
Why does the atomic radius decrease as you move across a period
Because as you move across a period NO additional energy levels are added so the radius is not getting bigger. The electron added as you move across a period goes right into the already existing outermost energy level, the added proton increases the nuclear energy and therefore decreases the radius because the nuclear energy is sucking the electrons closer
Electronegativity ________ as you move down a group
Decreases
Why does electronegativity decrease as you move down a group
Because as you move down a group and an atom gains more electrons and levels, it is easier for an atom with a lower number of levels to attract an electron because the nucleus can reach the electrons without much shielding, but in atoms with many levels it is harder to attract electrons because the nucleus is farther away from the wanted electron and the electron shielding by inner electrons makes the radius bigger
Electronegativity ________ as you move across a period
Increases
Why does electron negativity increases as you move a across a period
Because as you move across a period each atom gains one proton and one electron, the added proton makes the nucleus charge stronger which in turn makes it easier to attract an electron, electron shielding does not play a factor
As you proceed down a group the outermost electrons in ions are in _________ ________
Higher energy levels, remember ions are always on the outside
Ionic size _______ as you move down a group
Increases
What is the energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron
Electron affinity
