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Bio 3000 final > chapter 47 > Flashcards

chapter 47 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the metabolism?

A

Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life

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2
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

rate at which an organism uses energy to power such reactions

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3
Q

Absorptive phase

A

occurs when ingested nutrients enter blood stream from the alimentary canal

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4
Q

Post absorpative stage

A

occurs when alimentary canal is empy of nutrients, and bodys stores are used

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5
Q

What is the carbohydrate monomer that is absorbed from the digestive tract?

A

Glucose

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6
Q

what are the two major energy sources during the absorptive phase?

A

glucose and triglycerides

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7
Q

What happens when glucose enters the body during absorptive state?

A

-it can be used immediately as fuel.
-it can be stored as glycogen in the liver.
-it can be stored as glycogen in the muscles
-it can be converted to a triglyceride and then stored in fat cells

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8
Q

what is the major consumer of glucose?

A

skeletal muscle

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9
Q

What happens if excess glucose?

A

stored in liver, triglyceride in adipose cells.

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10
Q

what increases the absorption of glucose?

A

insulin

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11
Q

what is the location of glucose transporter proteins?

A

in the membrane of intracellular vesicles

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12
Q

what occurs during the absorptive period ?

A

-glucose absorption from the gut is high.
-glucose utilization by cells is high
-synthesis of triglycerides is high
breakdown of glycogen is low.

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13
Q

what are Absorbed triglycerides?

A

-Too large to diffuse acorss plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells
-Digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids
-Diffuse into intestinal epithelial cells

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14
Q

What do triglycerides enter as?

A

enter the blood circulation as chylomicrons for lymph and blood transport

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15
Q

where are triglycerides stored?

A

adipose tissue

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16
Q

Why is glucose essential to the CNS?

A

uses for energy

17
Q

What occurs during post absorptive state ?

A

synthesis of glycogen and triglycerides slows and breakdown begins

18
Q

what maintains blood glucose ?

A

glucose sparing

19
Q

what does glucose sparing depend on ?

A

on lipolysis because it releases fatty acids

20
Q

what is glucose sparing?

A

the increase in fat utilization seen in most tissues and organs during periods of low glucose availability

21
Q

where do excess amino acids go?

A

are converted by liver cells into fatty acids and then triglycerides

22
Q

what are Endotherms

A

-generate their own heat
-Manly relatively narrow range of body temperatures
BMR measures within its thermoneutral zone

23
Q

what are the Ectotherms?

A

-body temperature changed with environments
BMR measured at standard temperature for each species
-Approximated average temperature normally encountered

24
Q

What are homeotherms ?

A

do not maintain a constant temperature
and are affected by extreme climate, exercise and sleep
-have stable body temperature
-can quickly adjust

25
Q

what are heterotherms

A

Have a fluctuating body temperature

26
Q

what is conductive?

A

body surfaces loses or gains heat through direct contact with cooler or warmer substances

27
Q

what is convection?

A

transfer of heat by the movement of air or fluid next to the body

28
Q

what is Glycogenolysis?

A

-glycogen hydrolysis in liver
-glucose levels are INCREASED in the blood through the breakdown of glycogen

29
Q

what is Gluconeogenesis?

A

-glucose levels are increased in the blood by synthesis of -glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

30
Q

what happens if excessive during postabsorptive period disadvantage?

A

the brain is exposed to levels of glucose that are too high

31
Q

what stimulates Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis?

A

hormone GLUCAGON that is produced by pancreas

32
Q

what is true about glucagon ?

A

-It maintains homeostatic levels of glucose
-it is synthesized in the same endocrine gland that secretes insulin

33
Q

what is responsible for the synthesis of ketones from fatty acids?

A

liver

34
Q

What role does insulin play?

A

-key regulator of metabolism
-Made by pancreas, it increases during absorptive state and decreases during postabsoptive state
-Controls blood glucose concentration
-Promotes transport of glucose from extracellular fluid into cells
-Bind to cell-surface receptor and stimulates an intracellular signalling

Bio 3000 final (6 decks)

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