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Properties and Utilization of Wood Forest Products > Chapter 4B > Flashcards

Chapter 4B Flashcards

1
Q

The process of drying wood by mechanical or physical methods.

A

Wood Seasoning

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2
Q

What are the methods of wood seasoning?

A

Natural Drying
Artificial Drying

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3
Q

What are the objectives of wood seasoning?

A

a) Reduce the occurrence of wood defects.
b) Minimize swelling/shrinkage of wood
c) Increase strength properties of woods
d) Facilitates preservative (easier penetration of varnish)
e) Improving machine and finishing qualities
f) Increase thermal and electrical resistance
g) Improve nail holding capacities of wood
h) Reduce weight for easy transportation
i) Enhance resonance quality
j) Reduce bond failure in wood products

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4
Q

Types of natural drying

A

Air seasoning
Water Seasoning
Solar Seasoning

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5
Q

Process of ageing the wood by exposing it to the nature, such as air or water.

A

Natural Drying

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6
Q

It is the oldest, simplest and traditional method. The timber is stacked in a way to allow plenty of air to circulate around each piece of timber.

A

Air Seasoning

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7
Q

It is a process of placing logs in a river with thicker ends pointing upstream side of the river for 3-4 weeks for the sap to be washed over by the river waters.

A

Water Seasoning

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8
Q

It is a solution provided for the low energy requirement of air drying and the speedy operation of kiln drying. It is slower and gentler.

A

Solar seasoning

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9
Q

Types of artificial drying

A

Seasoning by boiling
Chemical Seasoning
Electrical/ Rapid Seasoning

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10
Q

In this process wood is immersed in water and then boiled for 3-4 hrs.

A

Seasoning by boiling

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11
Q

In this process the timber is stored in suitable salt solution for some time. The salt solution used has the tendency to absorb moisture.

A

Chemical seasoning

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12
Q

Timber is subjected to high frequency alternating currents.

A

Electrical/ Rapid Seasoning

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13
Q

It is seasoning of wood in a chamber using artificially controlled temperature and humidity. The hot air circulates in between the timber logs and reduces the moisture content.

A

Kiln Seasoning

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14
Q

Types of Kiln seasoning

A

Progressive kiln seasoning
Compartmental kiln seasoning

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15
Q

A type of kiln where the timber enters and moves progressively through the kiln.

A

Progressive kiln

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16
Q

Types of progressive kiln

A

Draft Kiln
Forced draft kiln

17
Q

A kiln where heater air is allowed to rise through the material by natural convection

A

Draft Kiln

18
Q

A kiln where fans are employed to force the air through the wood.

A

Forced Draft Kiln

19
Q

A single enclosed container/ building where timber is loaded into the kiln and remains in place throughout the drying process.

A

Compartmental Kiln

20
Q

Kiln drying ________ _______ is to prevent drying defects during kiln drying

A

Quality control

21
Q

Treatment where a steam is introduced to relieve stresses prior to end of kiln drying.

A

Conditional Treatment

22
Q

A treatment where temperature is lowered with steam to have a more uniform moisture content of stocks.

A

Equalization Treatment

23
Q

What is the standard MC for exported timber?

A

6-8 %

24
Q

What is the standard MC for locally made timber?

A

13-15 %

25
Q

The quality test performed to determined drying stresses in wood.

A

Prong test

26
Q

It occurs when the core is in tension while the surface is in compression.

A

Case hardening

27
Q

It occurs when the surface is in tension while the core is in compression.

A

Reverse Case hardening

28
Q

A work-out sets of progressively increasing kiln temperature and decreasing relative humidity.

A

Kiln drying schedule

29
Q

It is a guide to dry specific products at a satisfactory without causing objectionable drying defects and used by Kiln Drying Operator.

A

Kiln Drying Schedule

30
Q

Types of Kiln Drying Schedule

A

General KD Schedule
Special KD Schedule

31
Q

Easy dry wood species

A

Almaciga
Lanutan
Katmon
Banaba
Balakat

32
Q

Moderate to dry wood species

A

Gatasan
Urong
Sangilo
Raintree
Batinog

33
Q

Difficult to dry wood species

A

Agoho
Tuai
Palosapis
Bolong-eta
Kamuning

34
Q

Very Difficult to dry wood species

A

Dao
Ipil

Properties and Utilization of Wood Forest Products (3 decks)

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