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Med Terminolgy > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(109 cards)

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0
Q

Amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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1
Q

Adsorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestines into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch

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3
Q

Anus

A

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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4
Q

Appendix

A

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum ( in the RLQ).

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5
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made I. The liver and stored in the gallbladder. It break up large fat globules. Bike was originally calls gal, probably because it has a bitter taste

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6
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver In bile

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7
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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8
Q

Canine teeth

A

Pointed, doglike teeth next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eye teeth

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9
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestines

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10
Q

Colon

A

Portion of the large intestine consisting of ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

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11
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus

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12
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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13
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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14
Q

Dentin

A

The primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel In The crown and a protective later of cementum In the root

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15
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods

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16
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine. Duo=2, den=10, the duodenum measures 12 inches long

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17
Q

Elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body.

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18
Q

Emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

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19
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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20
Q

Enzyme

A

A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to a simpler substance.

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21
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso=inward; phag/o=swallowing

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22
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when days are digested

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23
Q

Feces

A

Solid waste. Stool

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24
Gallbladder
Small sac under the liver, stores bile.
25
Glucose
Simple sugar
26
Glycogen
Starch, glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells
27
Hydrochloric acid
Substance produced by the stomach, necessary for digestion of food
28
Ileum
Third part of the small intestine, Greek meaning twisted. The ileum is often an area of obstruction
29
Incisor
One of the four front teeth I bathe dental arch
30
Insulin
Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
31
Jejunum
Second part of the small intestines.
32
Lipase
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fat
33
Liver
Large organ located In The RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn out red blood cells. The normal adult liver weighs about 2.5-3 pounds
34
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Ring off sucked between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter
35
Mastication
Chewing
36
Molar teeth
The sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch.
37
Palate
Roof of the mouth
38
Pancreas
Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes
39
Papillae
Small elevations on the tongue.
40
Parotid gland
Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
41
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs.
42
Pharynx
Throat
43
Portal vein
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestine
44
Protease
Enzyme that digests protein
45
Pulp
Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
46
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum.
47
Pylorus
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
48
Rectum
Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
49
Rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
50
Saliva
Digestive juice produced salivary glands
51
Salivary glands
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
52
Sigmoid colon
Fourth and last S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum
53
Sphincter
Circular ring of muscle that consists a passage or closes a natural opening
54
Stomach
Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
55
Triglycerides
Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
56
Uvula
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.
57
Villi
Microscopic projection In The wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
58
An/o
Anus
59
Append/o | Appendic/o
Appendix
60
Bucc/o
Cheek
61
Cec/o
Cecum
62
Celi/o
Belly, abdomen
63
Cheil/o
Lip
64
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
65
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
66
Col/o | Colon/o
Colon
67
Dent/i
Tooth
68
Duoden/o
Duodenum
69
Enter/o
Intestines, usually small
70
Esophag/o
Esophagus
71
Faci/o
Face
72
Gastr/o
Stomach
73
Gingiv/o
Gums
74
Gloss/o
Tongue
75
Jejun/o
Jejunum
76
Labi/o
Lip
77
Lapar/o
Abdomen
78
Lingu/o
Tongue
79
Mandibul/o
Lower jaw
80
Odont/o
Tooth
81
Or/o
Mouth
82
Palat/o
Palate
83
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
84
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
85
Pharyng/o
Throat
86
Proct/o
Anus and rectum
87
Pylor/o
Pyloric sphincter
88
Rect/o
Rectum
89
Sialaden/o
Salivary gland
90
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid gland
91
Stomat/o
Mouth
92
Uvul/o
Uvula
93
Amyl/o
Starch
94
Bil/i
Bile
95
Bilirubin/o
Bilirubin
96
Chol/e
Gall, bile
97
Chlorhydr/o
Hydrochloric acid
98
Gluc/o | Glyc/o
Sugar
99
Glycogen/o
Glycogen, animal starch
100
Lip/o
Fat, lipid
101
Lith/o
Stone
102
Prote/o
Protein
103
Sial/o
Salivary, saliva
104
Steat/o
Fat
105
-ase
Enzyme
106
-chezia
Defection, elimination of waste
107
-iasis
Abnormal condition
108
-prandial
Meal

Med Terminolgy (17 decks)

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