Chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Reasons females participate in sport less
A
- seen as the ‘weaker sex’
- less money is received
- don’t have enough time
- fewer role models
- less media coverage
2
Q
What is a role model
A
A person looked up to by others as an example to be imitated
3
Q
Reasons ethnicity affects levels of participation
A
- less successful people seen
- cultural and religious traditions
- no women only gyms
- suitable kit is expensive
4
Q
Reasons age affects participation
A
- little free time
- amount of disposable income
- amount of flexibility
- haven’t reached maximal strength
- change in tidal and stroke volume
- change in health
- likelihood of injury
- ability to use and take in oxygen
- skill level
5
Q
Ways family can help with participation
A
- provide equipment
- provide transport
- becoming a role model
6
Q
Ways friends and peers can help with participation
A
- impact you opinion on a sport
- can have a negative attitude towards a sport
7
Q
Reasons disabilities have an impact on participation
A
- limited number of coached with the necessary qualification
- not all local facilities have the adaptations
- traveling can be problematic
- media coverage is increasing
8
Q
What is commercialization
A
The management or exploitation of a person, organization or activity in a way designed to make a profit
9
Q
What is the media
A
Covers a diverse range of technologies that act as a means of mass communication
10
Q
Parts of the media
A
- broadcast media
- internet and social media
- print media
- outdoor media
11
Q
Examples of broadcast media
A
- television
- radio
12
Q
Examples of internet and social media
A
Social media
13
Q
Examples of print media
A
- newspapers
- magazines
14
Q
Examples of outdoor media
A
- billboards
15
Q
What is a sponsor
A
An individual or groups which provides support to an event, activity, person or organization
16
Q
Examples of sponsorship
A
- financial
- clothing, equipment and footwear
- facilities
17
Q
Positive impacts of sponsorships and the media on performer
A
- higher wages
- become hero’s and role models
- new technology, kit, equipment …
- more competitions
18
Q
Negative impacts of sponsorship and the media on performers
A
- reduce their enjoyment
- mistakes made can become very public
- demands
- maintain their appeal
- scrutiny on private lives
- overtraining can lead to injury
- focused on men
19
Q
Positive impacts of sponsorship and the media on officials
A
- become hero’s or role models
- their career path with develop more
20
Q
Negative impacts of sponsorships and the media on officials
A
- increased pressure
- reduces officials enjoyment
- mistakes are made very public
21
Q
Positive impacts of sponsorships and the media on the sport
A
- increased interest
- more money available
- bigger prize awards
- more competitions
- more role models
22
Q
Negative impacts of sponsorships and the media on the sport
A
- rules are changed
- over exposure can result in lost interest
- minority and women get less exposure
- can become dependent on money
- can sell products that promote poor lifestyle choices
23
Q
Positive impacts of sponsorships and the media on the audience/spectatops
A
- easier to support team as online
- commentary available
- live coverage
- information is available
- improved viewing
- more competitions
- more media coverage
- better quality facilities
24
Q
Negative impacts of sponsorships and the media on the audience/spectator
A
- performers have to perform late at night
- more people stay at home
- have to pay to watch some sports
- tickets are expensive
- more difficult to get hold of tickets
25
Positive impacts of sponsorships and the media on sponsors/company
- name or brand is advertised to a wide audience
| - name or brand linked to positive things
26
Negative impacts of sponsorships and the media on sponsors/company
- if sponsors have been in a scandal can jeopardize their brands name
27
Examples of technology used in sports
- Hawkeye
- performance analysis aids
- television match officials
28
Positive impacts of technology
Performers - analysis aid
- ask officials to review decisions
Sport - makes competition fairer
- correct decisions are made
Officials - additional help
- communicate with each other
- reinforces decisions
Audience - see how decisions are made
- confidence decisions are fair
- add to the tension and excitement
Sponsor - ensure fair play
29
Negative impacts of technology
```
Performers - might not be available
- can disrupt play
Sport - can disrupt play
Officials - undermine officials
- become too reliant
Audience - cause unrest
- can cause problems if have more access than officials
Sponsors - not available at all levels
```
30
What is etiquete
Convention or unwritten rule in an activity
| Not enforced but it is usually observed
31
What is sportsmanship
Conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport
32
What is gamesmanship
Attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to their limit
33
What is contract to compete
An unwritten agreement between opponents to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules of the sport
34
Divisions of performance enhancing drugs
- substances that are prohibited
- methods that are prohibited
- legally prescribed drugs
35
Examples of substances that are prohibited
- stimulants
- narcotic analgesics
- anabolic agents
- peptide hormone
- diuretics
36
Examples of methods that are prohibited
Blood doping
37
Examples of legally prescribed substances
Beta blockers
38
What is a stimulant
Affects the central nervous system, increasing mental and physical alertness and reduces fatigue
- long distance events
39
Side effects of stimulants
- headaches
- high blood pressure
- stroke
- irregular heartbeat
- anxiety and tremors
- addictive
- mask signs of serious injury
- cause poor judgement
40
What is a narcotic analgesics
Reduces the feeling of pain
| - morphine
41
Side effects of narcotic analgesics
- slower breathing rate
- increased pain threshold
- increase in more injury
- constipation
- apathy (no energy to do anything)
- addictive
42
What is an anabolic agent
Artificially produced hormones that mimic testosterone. Promote muscle and bone growth and reduce recovery time
43
Side effects of anabolic agents
- risk of disease
- infertility
- injury
- hair loss
- acne
- high blood pressure
- effects emotional health
- enlarged breast in men
- facial hair and deeper voices in women
44
What are peptide hormones
- stimulate production of naturally occurring hormones
45
Examples of peptide hormones
Erythropoietin (EPO)
| - regulates the production of red blood cells
46
Side effects of peptide hormones
- thicker blood
- relish heart rate
- increased risk of blood vessels blocking
- stroke
47
What are diuretic drugs
Remove fluid from the body by increasing the rate of urination
48
Side effects of diuretics
- dehydration
- kidney failure
- heart failure
- muscle craps
- headaches
- dizziness
49
What is blood doping
Removing a performers blood a fire weeks before a competition, freezing it and then re-injecting it
- increases number of red blood cells in blood
50
Side effects of blood doping
- thicker blood
- heart attach
- infection
- blood vessels blocking
- stroke
51
What are beta blockers
- reduce heart rate, muscle tension and blood pressure
- reduce the effect of adrenaline
- improve fine motor controle
Steady the nerves and have a calming effect
52
Side effects of beta blockers
- nausea
- tiredness and weakness
- heart problems
53
Advantages of taking PEDs
- increases chance of success
- leads to fame and fortune
- leads to a more level playing field
54
Disadvantaged of taking PEDs
- cheating
- unethical
- if caught reputation is damaged
- if caught can lose winnings
- if caught leads to banning
- if caught will be fined
- serious side effects
- reputation of sport is damaged
- credibility of sport is damaged
55
Positive influences of spectators
- create an energetic atmosphere
- source of revenue
- give a home field advantage
- increase the profit of a sport
56
Disadvantages of spectators
- increased pressure
- scare younger performers
- crowd trouble
- hooliganism
- damage costs money
57
What is hooliganism
The disorderly, aggressive and often violent behavior by spectators at sporting events
58
Reasons for hooliganism
- revelries between supporters
- media hype
- alcohol and drugs
- gang culture
- display of masculinity
- frustration at events
59
Strategies to combat hooliganism
- early kick of
- all seater stadium
- segregation of fans
- improved security
- alcoholic restrictions
- travel restrictions
- banning orders
- educating spectators
