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PSYCH 104 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is sensation?

A

Detection of stimuli (physical), goes to the brain

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2
Q

What is perception?

A

Interpretation of sensory input

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3
Q

What is bottom-up processing?

A

Start with the individual elements that make up an object, put them together, and interpret as a whole

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4
Q

What is top-down processing?

A

Interpreting sensory information with existing knowledge, expectations, experience

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5
Q

What is transduction?

A

Process whereby the sensory info is converted to neural signals for the brain to interpret

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6
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

Any detectable input from the environment

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7
Q

What is an absolute threshold?

A

The minimum amount of stimulation that can be detected (50% of the time)

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8
Q

What is sensory adaption?

A

A decline in sensitivity due to constant stimulation

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9
Q

The sense of hearing is associated with what system?

A

The auditory system

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10
Q

What are sound waves?

A

Vibrations of molecules that travel through a medium, such as air

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11
Q

How is sound measured?

A

In decibels (dB)

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12
Q

Sounds can be described in _____

A

amplitude

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13
Q

How can sounds be described? And how is it measured?

A

In terms of their frequency; cycles per second or hertz (Hz)

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14
Q

Pitch depends on what?

A

Frequency

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15
Q

The sense of taste is associated with what system?

A

Gustatory System

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16
Q

What are gustatory receptors?

A

Clusters of taste cells found in the taste buds

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17
Q

What are the 5 different types of how we perceive taste?

A

Sweet; salty; sour; bitter; umami

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18
Q

What animal relies heavily on their taste buds?

A

Catfish

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19
Q

What system is associated with sense of smell?

A

The Olfactory System

20
Q

In the olfactory system what are stimuli?

A

Chemical substances

21
Q

What are the receptors in the olfactory system?

A

Olfactory cilia (hair) to olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain

22
Q

Name an animal that uses the Jacobson’s organ (aka the vomeronasal)?

A

Snakes

23
Q

What is the Flehmen’s response?

A

When animals use their Jacobson’s organ to “smell” the pheromones of other animals

24
Q

What system is associated with the sense of touch?

A

The tactile system

25
Q

What parts of the brain does the tactile system activate?

A

Thalamus -> parietal lobe

26
Q

Anything that comes in contact with skin is considered to be what?

A

Tactile stimulation

27
Q

Tactile system is activated by what 3 senses/feelings?

A

Temperature, pressure, and pain

28
Q

Higher order processes matter (e.g. being tickled will effect mood) in what system?

A

Tactile system

29
Q

Spiders use the vibrations of their web for what?

A

Status of web (health or if they’ve captured anything); Courtship; territory defense

30
Q

The visual system is associated with what sense?

A

Sense of sight

31
Q

What is the visual system?

A

The sensory system for sight

32
Q

What is the stimulus for the visual system?

A

Light

33
Q

How is light measured in the visual system?

A

Nanometers (one billionth of a metre)

34
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The eye’s outer layer

35
Q

Where is the lens located?

A

Behind the pupil

36
Q

What is the lens?

A

An elastic structure that focuses light to the optic nerve in the eye

37
Q

What is the retina?

A

A multilayered tissue at the rear of the rear (light is focused/collected here

38
Q

What nerve connects what we see/perceive to the brain?

A

Optic nerve

39
Q

What part of the brain would the eye be associated with?

A

Occipital lobe

40
Q

What are rods?

A

Receptor with key role in night vision and peripheral vision (concentrated around the edges of the eye)

41
Q

What are cones?

A

Receptors with key role in daylight vision and colour vision (located in center of the retina)

42
Q

What is Gestalt psychology when it comes to perception?

A

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts and humans have basic tendencies to actively organize what they see

43
Q

What type of psychology are ambiguous figure-ground relationships considered to be a part of?

A

Gestalt Psychology

44
Q

What are the 4 Gestalt Laws of Organization?

A

1) Law of similarity
2) Law of proximity
3) Law of closure
4) Law of continuity

45
Q

What are 3 perceptual constancies?

A

Shape constancy; size constancy; brightness constancy

PSYCH 104 (5 decks)

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