Chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Gregor Mendel
A
- conducted experiments with the garden pea because it reproduces quickly and could control offsprings
2
Q
Trait
A
a particular version of an inherited characteristics
3
Q
true-breeding
A
an organism that produces offspring that are genetically identical for one or more traits when self-pollinated or when crossed with another tur-breeding organism for the same traits
4
Q
Hybrid
A
the offsprings of two different true breeding plants
5
Q
Cross
A
breeding two organisms with different traits
6
Q
P generation
A
- parental generation
- crossed true-breeding plants that differ in only characteristic
7
Q
F1 generation
A
- hybrid offspring of the P generation
- also called the filial generation
- differ from each other in one characteristic making them monohybrids
- monohybrid cross
8
Q
TT
A
homozygous dominant
9
Q
Tt
A
heterozygous
10
Q
tt
A
homozygous recessive
11
Q
Law of segregation
A
- states that inherited traits are determined by pairs of “factors” or genes
- these genes segregate in the gametes (after meiosis)
12
Q
Law of independent assortment
A
- the inheritance of alleles for one trait does not affect eh inheritance of alleles for another trait
offspring may have combinations of alleles that are not present in either parent
13
Q
Discontinuous variation
A
Either tall or short, no in between values
14
Q
Continuous variation
A
- when the phenotypic variation is not clear cut
- controlled by three or more separately inherited genes (ie. skin colour)
- genes are on different autosomal chromsomes and their interactions is additive
- additive allele contributes a set amount to a phenotype
- incomplete dominance
15
Q
4 blood types
A
A, B, AB, O
