Chapter 5 Flashcards
random process
generates outcomes that are determined purely by chance
probability
a number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of times the outcome will occur in a very long series of trials
Law of Large Numbers
if we observe more and more trials of any random process, the proportion of times a specific outcome occurs approaches its probability
simulation
imitates a random process in such a way that simulated outcomes are consistent with real world outcomes
probability model
a description of some random process that consists of two parts: a list of all possible outcomes and the probability for each outcome
sample space
list of all possible outcomes
event
any collection of outcomes from some random process
complement
complement rule
the event that A does not occur
P(Ac) = 1 - P(A)
mutually exclusive
events A and B have no outcomes in common, so they can’t occur together
if P(A and B) = 0
addition rule for mutually exclusive events
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
general addition rule
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
venn diagram
one or more circles surrounded by a rectangle; each circle represents an event and the region inside the rectangle is the sample space
intersection
event A and B has all outcomes that are common to both events
union
event A or B all outcomes that are in events A or B
conditional probability
the probability that one event happens given that another even is know to have happened
