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AP Human Geography > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Yield

A

The amount of agricultural production harvested per unit of land

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2
Q

Environmental possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

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3
Q

Environmental determinism

A

The theory that the environment determines, plays a decisive role, or causes social and cultural development.

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4
Q

Intensive Farming types

A

Market Gardening, Plantation, Mixed Crop/ livestock

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5
Q

Extensive Farming types

A

Shifting Cultivation, Nomadic, Ranching

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6
Q

Intensive Farming

A

Practices that often require less land, but require more capital and labor, and are traditionally located closer to larger population centers

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7
Q

Extensive Farming

A

Practices that tend to use less labor and capital but require more land for the production of food

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8
Q

Cash Crops

A

An agricultural crop that is purposely made strictly to be sold in a market environment for as much money as possible.

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9
Q

Fallow

A

Arable land that has been set aside for a period of time to allow for nutrients to return to the soil

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10
Q

Von Thunen’s Model

A

Created before industrialization and is based on the following limiting assumptions: The city is located centrally within an “Isolated State” which is self sufficient and has no external influences. The Isolated State is surrounded by an unoccupied wilderness.

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11
Q

GMO

A

An organism whose genome has been altered to promote specific traits that allow for increased production in livestock production or crop farming

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12
Q

Clustered

A

A settlement that has very little space between buildings

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13
Q

Disperesed

A

A settlement that is not clustered together and has space between the different buildings

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14
Q

Linear

A

An arrangement of objects, buildings, or practice in a line

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15
Q

Long Lot

A

A narrow parcel of land that traditionally connects to a waterway

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16
Q

Metes and Bounds

A

A boundary that is based on landmarks in a geographic area to create the boundary

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17
Q

Township and Range

A

A survey method that creates a grid pattern by creating rectangular parcels of land

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18
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and New World

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19
Q

Silk Road

A

A network of trade routes that connected China and the Mediterranean from roughly around 130BC to 1450BC

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20
Q

Agriculture

A

The deliberate modification of the Earths surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain

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21
Q

Neolithic Revolution

A

Also known as the first agricultural revolution this is a time period in which humans shifted from hunters and gatherers to sedentary agricultural practices

22
Q

Enclosure Movement

A

A movement in England which took agricultural land that was publicly owned by the community and privatized it

23
Q

Commercial Agriculture

A

Where farmers are focused on one specific crop to sell for profit

24
Q

Subsistence Agriculture

A

Where farmers focus on raising food they need to live

25
Q

Plant Demestication

A

The growing of cops that people planted, raised, and harvested

26
Q

Animal Domestication

A

Raising and caring animals by humans for protection or food

27
Q

Terrace Farming

A

Where farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill

28
Q

Irrigation

A

The process of diverting water from its natural course or location to aid the production of crops

29
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The number of crops or people that the area can support

30
Q

Swidden

A

An area of land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation.

31
Q

Deforestation

A

The action of clearing a wide area of trees.

32
Q

Deserfication

A

The transition of land from fertile to dessert

33
Q

Second Agricultural Revolution

A

1700s used the advances of the industrial revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth

34
Q

Barbed Wire

A

Provided inexpensive fencing to keep livestock in grazing areas

35
Q

Third Agricultural Revolution

A

1960s the green revolution where companies controlled the development, planting, processing, and selling of food products to the consumer

36
Q

Township

A

Areas six miles long and six miles wide that the government organized

37
Q

Section

A

Square Miles of townships

38
Q

Isotropic

A

Flat and Featureless

39
Q

Horticulture

A

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

40
Q

Market Gardening/ Truck Farming

A

Commercial gardening and fruit farming

41
Q

Bid Rent Curve / Bid Price Curve

A

Refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases

42
Q

Comparative Advantage

A

Naturally occurring beneficial conditions that would prompt farmers to plant crops

43
Q

Greenbelt

A

An area of recreational parts or other undeveloped land

44
Q

Organic Food

A

Food produced without pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, or other unnatural processes

45
Q

Aquaculture

A

The process of raising and harvesting fish and other forms of food that live in water

46
Q

Blue Revolution

A

How aquaculture is the fastest growing form of food production on the planet

47
Q

Monoculture/ Monocropping

A

Specializing in one crop

48
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for good and agriculture.

49
Q

Overgrazing

A

Excessive grazing on an area to the point of permanent damage to the vegetation and topography.

50
Q

Fair Trade

A

A concept used in developing countries to help create sustainability

51
Q

Pastoral Nomadism/ Migratory Husbandry

A

people travel from place to place with herds of domesticated animals

52
Q

Economies of Scales

A

The reduction in the per unit cost of production as the volume of production increases

AP Human Geography (4 decks)

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