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Micro Biology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

Metabolism

1
Q

Metabolism is the collection of what

A

of controlled biochemical reactions in an organism

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2
Q

metabolisms ultimate function is what

A

to reproduce the organism

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3
Q

what does metabolism consist of

A

catabolism and anabolism

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4
Q

catabolism def

A

breaking down

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5
Q

anabolism def

A

building up

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6
Q

metabolic processes #1

A

every cell acquires nutriets

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7
Q

metabolic processes #2

A

metabolism requires energy from light or catabolism of nutrients

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8
Q

metabolic processes #3

A

evergy is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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9
Q

metabolic processes #4

A

cells catabolize nutrients to form precursor metabolites

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10
Q

metabolic processes #5

A

precursor metabolites, energy from ATP, and enzymes are used in anabolic reactions

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11
Q

metabolic processes #6

A

enzymes plus ATP form macromolecules

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12
Q

metabolic processes #7

A

cells grow by assembling macromolecules

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13
Q

metabolic processes #8

A

cells reproduce once they have doubled in size

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14
Q

Catabolic pathways info

A

like making money. Large to small. exergonic. store energy as ATP

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15
Q

REDOX is what

A

oxidation and reduction. so the shuffling of electrons to make ATP or do processes

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16
Q

what are the 3 important electron shufflers

A

(NAD+)
(NADP+)
(FAD)

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17
Q

what is the goal of regulating metabolic function

A

to limit wasting energy, and to maximize efficiency

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18
Q

when are enzymes synthesizes

A

only when substrate is available

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19
Q

what does metablic function prioritize

A

energy efficeinet molecules

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20
Q

Enzymes do what

A

speed up the rate of chemical reactions

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21
Q

what kinds of factors influence the rate of enzymatic reactions

A

temp
pH
enzyme concentrations
substrate concentration
presence of inhibiors

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22
Q

carbohydrate catabolism is reduce or oxidize

A

oxideized

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23
Q

carbohydrates def

A

common energy source for anabolismw

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24
Q

whats the most common carbohydrate used

A

glucose

25
Q

what are the 2 common ways glucose is catabolized

A

cellular repiration
fermentation

26
Q

steps of respiration

A

glycolysis to citric acid cylce to etc

27
Q

steps of fermentation

A

glycolysis to the process to form end-products

28
Q

what does glycolysis do

A

splits a 6 Carbon glucose into two 3 Carbon sugar molecules

29
Q

where does glycolysis occur

A

in the cytoplasm of most cells

30
Q

what is substrate level phosphorylation

A

the direct transfer of phosphate between two substancesn

31
Q

net gain or glycolysis

A

2 ATP
2 molecules NADH
precursor metabolite pyruvic acid

32
Q

example of aerobic respiration in prokaryotes

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

33
Q

cellular respiration is all about what

A

the electrons

34
Q

ETC

A

electron transport chain

35
Q

what does the citric acid cycle produce

A

2 ATP
2FADH2
2NADH
4 CO2

so . electron shufflers and a little ATP

36
Q

Electron Transport chain significance?

A

is a significant ATP production

37
Q

what is the etc a series of

A

a series of redox reactions

38
Q

what do carrier molecules do in ETC

A

they pass electrons from one to another to the final electron acceptor

39
Q

where is the ETC located in prokaryotes

A

in the cytoplasmic membrane

40
Q

where is the ETC located in eukaryotes

A

in the inner mitochondrial membrane

41
Q

final electron acceptor of ETC in aerobic

A

O2 oxygen

42
Q

Final electron acceptor of ETC in anaerobic

A

NO3- , SO4 2- , CO3 2- , or extremely acquired organic molecule

43
Q

carbohydrate catabolism is what

A

like catabolizing glucose

44
Q

are there one or many ways to catabolize glucose

A

many

45
Q

2 ways to catabolize glucose

A
  1. entner-doudoroff (ED) pathway
  2. pentose phosphate pathway
46
Q

Entner doudoroff pathway info

A

produces 1 ATP, 1 NADH, and 1 NADPH
zymomonas mobilis: industrial apps

47
Q

Pentose phosphate pathway info

A

alternative to glycolysis (0 ATP), produces NADPH, precursors to nucleotides

48
Q

what does Fermentation do

A

catablizes glucose

49
Q

Fermentation . cells require what

A

constant source of NAD+
because glycolysis and citric acid cycle are insufficient

50
Q

Fermentation. the partial oxidation of a metabolite is to do what

A

release energy

51
Q

what is the final electron acceptor for fermentation

A

an organic molecule from within the cell

52
Q

what does glycolysis produce

A

pyruvic acid

53
Q

what can pyruvic acid be fermented to yield

A

lactic acid, ethanol, and others

54
Q

potential molecules of atp produced in aerobic, anaerobic, and fermentation per glucose molecule

A

Aerobic ( 38 in prok) (36 in euk)
Anaerobic (4-36)
Fermentation is 2

55
Q

energy source for photosynthesis

A

light

56
Q

photosynthsis synthesizing

A

synthesizes carbohydrates from CO2 to H2O

57
Q

who all uses photosynthesis

A

algae, plants, cyanobacteria

58
Q

gluconeogenisis is what

A

basically the invert of glycolysis,
anabolic
builds glucose and complex carbs

59
Q
A

Micro Biology (19 decks)

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