Chapter #5 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is socialization?
Socialization is a process that introduces people to social norms, customs, and social roles.
what is Status?
is a recognized social position that an individual occupies.
-ex. step dad.
what is Status Set?
is a collection of statues people collect over time.
-ex. wife, mother, girlfriend, teacher.
what is Achieved Status?
is a status you entered at some stage of your life, you weren’t born into it, you earned it.
-ex. being a university student.
what is Ascribed Status?
is a status that you were born into (Daughter, son, black), or have entered into involuntarily (teenager, cancer survivor, elderly person).
what is Social Mobility?
is the degree to which your status is achieved or ascribed.
-ex. communist countries, like South Asia.
what is Colourism?
It’s the idea that lighter skin is best, even within minority communities.
what is white-passing?
changing your appearance and culture to pass as a white person.
what is Biological Determinism?
The theory is that all social situations are determined by biological factors such as genetics, not social or cultural
influences.
-ex. “boys will be boys”
who and what is Master Status?
Everett C. Hughes.
-Dominates all of an individual’s statuses Plays the greatest role in the formation of the individual’s social identity
– E.g., “race,” ethnicity, gender.
what is Status Hierarchy?
statuses that can be ranked high or low.
-ex male over female, white over black, rich or poor.
what is status consistency?
is the condition a person experiences when all of their statuses fall in the same range in the social hierarchy
– E.g., male, white, of British heritage, rich, heterosexual, and able-bodied
what is status inconstancy?
occurs when a person holds social statuses that are ranked differently and do not align.
-ex. middle-aged white man born into wealth but works in construction.
what is a Role?
is a set of behaviours and attitudes associated with a particular status, can differ from culture to culture.
who and what is a Role Set?
Robert Merton
-all the roles that are attached to a particular status. A status may be associated with more than one role
-ex, students have a peer role with students, role with instructors and paying customers to the university.
what is role strain?
develops when there is a conflict between roles within the role set of a particular status.
– E.g., a student catching a classmate cheating
what is role conflict?
when you have to pick between two roles.
-ex, deciding between studying because your a student or attending to your sick kids because u are also a mother.
what is role exit?
is the process of disengaging from a role that has been central to one’s identity and establishing a new role
-ex, retiring u can no longer say you work as a nurse, divorce you are no longer married.
who and what is George Simmel?
Microsociologist and symbolic interactionist.
what did Charles Cooley do?
studied identity formation through the looking-glass self.
who and what is William Thomas?
Coined the concept definition of the situation
* Individuals define situations based on their subjective experiences and respond accordingly
what is the social organization?
social and cultural principles
around which people and things are structured, ordered, and categorized.
-ex. hierarchy, communist, democratic.
what is organizational structure?
principles that are upheld by shared
cultural beliefs and maintained through social relations.
what is organizational ritual?
is a form of social action were a group’s values and identity are publicly demonstrated.
-ex, religions.
