Chapter 5

Question 1

Dependence

Answer 1

need to take drug to avoid withdrawal

Question 2

tolerance

Answer 2

more drug required to produce same effect

Question 3

Withdrawal

Answer 3

negative reaction when drug is stopped

Question 3

addiction

Answer 3

need for obtaining drug, compulsive use, tendency to relapse

Question 4

Opiate

Answer 4

drug derived from opium plant naturally

Question 5

opioid

Answer 5

anything that acts like opiate, bind to opioid receptor

Question 6

Opiates and Opioid

Answer 6

blocks pain, calming effect, sympathetic NS

Question 7

Heroin

Answer 7

opiate, calming, pain blocker, SNS, withdrawal is opposite

Question 8

Endogenous endorphines

Answer 8

opioids generated withtin the body

Question 9

Depressants

Answer 9

drug that reduces Central nervous system activity (CNS)

Question 10

sedative

Answer 10

calms

Question 11

anxiolytic

Answer 11

reduces anxiety

Question 12

hypnotic

Answer 12

relaxed state

Question 13

alcohol

Answer 13

depressant, euphoria, reduces anxiety, motor impairments, blocks memory, GABA increase

Question 14

barbiturate

Answer 14

depressant, GABA increase, increases inhibition

Question 15

benzodiazepines

Answer 15

depressant, reduces anxiety, sedation, muscle relaxation, GABA increases

Question 16

Delirium tremens

Answer 16

server alcohol withdrawal,

Question 17

stimulants

Answer 17

activates CNS, produces arousal, alertness, and elevated mood

Question 18

Cocaine

Answer 18

stimulant, euphoria, reduce appetite, increase alertness, relives fatigue

Question 19

Amphetamines

Answer 19

stimulant, produce euphoria, increase confidence, and concentration

Question 20

Nictoine

Answer 20

stimulant, relaxes, tranquillises, decreases appetite, withdrawal = anxiety, headaches, lightheadness

Question 21

Bath salts

Answer 21

stimulant, causes psychosis, deleria, can kill you

Question 21

caffeine

Answer 21

stimulant, produces arousal, increased alertness, decrease sleepiness

Question 22

Psychedelic drug

Answer 22

compounds that cause preceptual distortion in the user

Question 22

Serotonergic

Answer 22

psychedelic drug, acts on seritione, sensory distortions

Question 23

Catecholaminergic

Answer 23

psychedelic drug, also a stimulant, more social, higher sexual arousal, hallucinogenic,

Question 24

NMDA receptor agonists

Answer 24

psychhedelic drug, pat of glutamate, disorientation, hallucination

Question 25

Designer Drugs

Answer 25

psychedellic drugs, dangerous

Question 26

Marijuana

Answer 26

long term uses reduces brain volume, effects memory and emotional regulation,

Question 27

mesolimbic pathway

Answer 27

reward circuit

Question 28

ventral tegmental area

Answer 28

sends dopamine to nucleus accumbens, all drugs someohow increase dopamine in nucleus accumbens

Question 29

mesocorticolimbic dopamine system

Answer 29

system consisting of ventral tegmental area, and brain regions receiving it;s dopamine (nucleus accumbens, preforntal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus

Question 30

hypofrontlity

Answer 30

reduced activity in frontal regions that control working memory, behavioural inhibition, response to enviroment,

Question 31

comorbidity

Answer 31

2 disease relating at the same time

Question 31

agonist treatment

Answer 31

replace one drug with another drug in similar effect (nicotine for caffiene)

Question 32

methadone

Answer 32

synthetic opioid, treats opioid addiction (need drug less often when used)

Question 33

antagonist treatments

Answer 33

involve drug that blocks effects of the addicting drug (they take drug nothing happens)

Question 34

aversion treatment

Answer 34

negative reaction when they take drug

Question 35

antidrug vaccines

Answer 35

molecules attach to drug and stimulant immusystme to make antibodies to destroy the drug

Question 36

Type 1 alcoholic

Answer 36

cautious, emotionally deoendant, older then 25, they don't drink then binge, then feel guilty (environment cause)

Question 37

Type 2 alcoholic

Answer 37

confident, emotional attached, young, drink consistently, never guilty (purely genetic)

Question 38

Methylation

Answer 38

methyl group attaches to DNA which suppresses genes activity