Chapter 8

Question 1

Muscular Activation

Answer 1

involved in external expression of emotion

Question 2

Emotion

Answer 2

increase/decrease in physiological activity paired with feelings

Question 3

sympathetic NS

Answer 3

activates body during arousal (gets heart pumping)

Question 4

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 4

shuts down body following arousal

Question 5

James lange theory

Answer 5

emotional experience comes from physiological arousal that precedes it (smile = happy)

Question 6

Cognitive theory

Answer 6

belief that identity of an emotion is based on cognitive assessment of a situation

Question 7

Limbic system

Answer 7

network of structures arranged around upper brain stem (emotion = amygala, memeory = hippocampus)

Question 7

Mirror neurons

Answer 7

neurons that fire both when we engage in a specific act and while observing the same act in others

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

primary control over autonomic system

Question 9

amygdala

Answer 9

small limbic structure near lateral ventricle of temporal lobes (on = negative emotions) (off = positive emotions) (fear, anxiety)

Question 10

Amygdala on

Answer 10

negative emotion

Question 11

amygdala off

Answer 11

positive emotion

Question 12

Insular cortex and basal ganglia

Answer 12

involved in digestion

Question 13

insular

Answer 13

cortical project site for taste

Question 14

basal ganglia

Answer 14

involved in motor functions

Question 15

Anterior Cingulate cortex (ACC)

Answer 15

brain structure involved in attention, decision-making, impulse control, emotion

Question 16

stress

Answer 16

environment that makes unusual demands on an organism

Question 17

Hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer 17

it releases stress hormone (cortisol)

Question 18

Leukocytes

Answer 18

recognises invaders (by antigens: unique proteins, that every cell has) and kills them ASSASSINS

Question 19

Hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer 19

they say hey, you can stop now, but long term stress makes the brain stop listening

Question 20

Macrophages

Answer 20

ingest invader and displays them on the outside of cell wall (it’s like putting its head on a pike for the other macrophages learn to eat that thing)

Question 21

T cells

Answer 21

attracted by specific antigens (only kill viruses of one strand) (specific)

Question 22

Natural killer cells

Answer 22

attack and kill cancer cells of virus infected cells

Question 23

B cells

Answer 23

produce antibodies that attack a particular cell type (attack on cell type not antigens) (general)

Question 24

Microglia

Answer 24

immunsystem of CNS (act like macrophages)

Question 25

negative stress symptoms

Answer 25

memory issues, appetite changes, poor sex, no energy, bad mood, bad immunsystem, bad concentration

Question 25

Sudden cardiac death

Answer 25

heart contacts so rapidly in pumps no (or little blood) brought on by stress

Question 26

Type D 'distressed'

Answer 26

personalit linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 27

Congenital insensitivity to pain

Answer 27

people dont sense pain

Question 28

somatosensory cortex

Answer 28

primary pain projection

Question 29

Prefrontal cortex role in pain

Answer 29

plans on how to stop pain

Question 30

Aggression (ANIMALS)

Answer 30

forceful behaviour intended to hurt others

Question 31

Aggression (HUMANS)

Answer 31

forceful behaviour intended to hurt others

Question 32

Predatory Agression (animals)

Answer 32

animal attacks prey (emotionless)

Question 33

Affective aggression ( animals)

Answer 33

aggression brought on by impulsive and emotional arousal (2 male deer fighting for female deer)

Question 34

Proactive aggression (humans)

Answer 34

brings gain for aggressor (mugging someone)

Question 35

Reactive aggression (humans)

Answer 35

aggression in response to threat (someone insults you, you punch them)

Question 36

Amygdala (aggression)

Answer 36

detects and response to threats - emotional aggression

Question 36

prefrontal cortex

Answer 36

moderates aggression with regard to amygdala (supposed to be rational and say "no lets not punch someone right now"

Question 37

Hypothalamus

Answer 37

primary instigator of aggressive behaviour (all types)

Question 38

Insula and anterior cingulate (when emotion is involved)

Answer 38

part of aggression structures

Question 39

testosterone (aggression)

Answer 39

role in aggression (reduces impulse control)(harder to regulate emotion)

Question 39

serotonin (aggression)

Answer 39

inhibitory, suppressing motivating behaviour

Question 40

low serotonin

Answer 40

linked to impulsive aggression

Question 41

cortisol

Answer 41

inhibitory to aggression

Question 42

testosterone, serotonin, cortisol

Answer 42

all play roles in aggression together