Chapter 5

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.

Question 2

Phenomenology

Answer 2

How things seem to the conscious person.

Question 3

Problem of Other Minds

Answer 3

The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of other.

Question 4

Expirence

Answer 4

The ability to feel pain, pleasure, hunger, consciousness, anger, or fear.

Question 5

Agency

Answer 5

The ability for self-control, planning, memory, or thought.

Question 6

Mind-Body Problem

Answer 6

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.

Question 7

Intentionality

Answer 7

The quality of being directed toward an object.

Question 8

Unity

Answer 8

Resistance to division, or the ability to integrate information from all of the body’s senses into one coherent whole.

Question 9

Selectivity

Answer 9

The capacity to include some objects but not others.

Question 10

Cocktail-party Phenomenon

Answer 10

People tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby.

Question 11

Transience

Answer 11

The tendency to change.

Question 12

Minimal Consciousness

Answer 12

A low level of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior.

Question 13

Full Consciousness

Answer 13

Know and are able to report your mental state.

Question 14

Self-Consciousness

Answer 14

Distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object.

Question 15

Mental Control

Answer 15

The attempt to change conscious states of mind.

Question 16

Through Suppression

Answer 16

Conscience avoidance of a thought.

Question 17

Rebound Effect of Thought Suppression

Answer 17

The tendency of a though to return to conciseness with greater frequency following suppression.

Question 18

Ironic Process of Mental Control

Answer 18

Ironic errors occur because the mental process that monitors errors can itself produce them.

Question 19

Dynamic Unconscious

Answer 19

An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person ‘s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these.

Question 20

Repression

Answer 20

A mental process that removes unacceptable thought and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious.

Question 21

Cognitive Unconscious

Answer 21

All the mental process that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choiecs, emotions, and behaviors even though they are not expirences by person.

Question 22

Dual Process Theories

Answer 22

Two different systems in our brains for processing; one dedicated to fast, automatic, and unconscious processing; and the other dedicated to slow, effortful, and conscious processing.

Question 23

Altered State of Consciousness

Answer 23

A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.

Question 24

Circadian Rythem

Answer 24

A naturally occurring 24-hr cycle.

Question 25

REM Sleep

Answer 25

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and high level of brain activity.

Question 26

Insomnia

Answer 26

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.

Question 27

Sleep Apnea

Answer 27

A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.

Question 28

Somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Answer 28

When a person arises and walks around while asleep.

Question 29

Narcolepsy

Answer 29

A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of walking activates.

Question 30

Sleep Paralysis

Answer 30

The experience of waking up unable to move.

Question 31

Night Terrors (sleep terrors)

Answer 31

Abrupt awakening with panic and intense emotional arousal.

Question 32

Activism-Synthesis Model

Answer 32

The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep.

Question 33

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 33

Chemicals that influence conscious or behavior by altering the brain's chemical message system.

Question 34

Drug Tolerance

Answer 34

The tendency for larger drug doses to be required over time to achieve the same effect.

Question 35

Physical Dependence

Answer 35

The pain, convulsions, hallucinations, or other unpleasant symptoms that accompany withdrawal from drug use.

Question 36

Psychological Dependence

Answer 36

A strong desire to return to the drug even when physical withdrawal symptoms are gone.

Question 37

Depressants

Answer 37

Substance the reduce the activity of the cental nervous system.

Question 38

Expectancy Theory

Answer 38

Alcohol's effects can be produced by people's expectation of how alcohol will influence them in particular situation.

Question 39

Alcohol Myopia

Answer 39

Alcohol hampers attention, leading people to response in simple ways to complex situations.

Question 40

Stimulants

Answer 40

Substance that excites the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity level.

Question 41

Narcotics (opiates)

Answer 41

Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain.

Question 42

Hallucinogens

Answer 42

Alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.

Question 43

Marijuana (cannibis)

Answer 43

A plant whose leaves and buds contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Question 44

Hypnosis

Answer 44

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) makes suggestions that lead to change in another person's (the participants) subjective experience of the world.

Question 45

Posthypnotic Amnesia

Answer 45

The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.

Question 46

Analgesia

Answer 46

The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.