Chapter 5

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

the detection of sensory stimuli by sensory receptors

Question 2

transduction

Answer 2

sensory signal input converted into patterns of neural activity

Question 3

perception *

Answer 3

the organization, interpretation, and conscious experience of sensations

Question 4

precept

Answer 4

mental representation of original stimulus

Question 5

processing of sensory information pathway

Answer 5

receptor to thalamus to primary sensory cortex to secondary sensory cortex

Question 6

thalamus *

Answer 6

gate for all sensory information (excluding olfaction); allows for multisensory integration

Question 7

primary olfactory cortex

Answer 7

Piriform area; ventral junction of the frontal/temporal. Olfactory relay system

Question 8

5 basic tastes

Answer 8

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Question 9

primary gustatory cortex

Answer 9

insula and operculum

Question 10

secondary gustatory processing

Answer 10

orbitofrontal cortex; integration of taste and smell

Question 11

proprioception

Answer 11

sensory and motor systems represent information about state of muscles and limbs

Question 12

somatosensation

Answer 12

perception of all mechanical stimuli that affect the body

Question 13

primary somatosensation

Answer 13

[S1], contains a somatotopic representation of the body by relative importance

Question 14

secondary somatosensation

Answer 14

[S2], provides complex representations

Question 15

photoreceptors

Answer 15

visual receptors of light; rods and cones

Question 16

rods

Answer 16

type of photoreceptor associated with protein rhodopsin; becomes destabilized at low light

Question 17

cones

Answer 17

type of photoreceptor associated with photopsin; requires intense light

Question 18

fovea

Answer 18

central part of retina; acute and detailed vision

Question 19

primary projection pathways

Answer 19

LGN, pulvinar, left visual fields, right visual fields

Question 20

LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus)

Answer 20

part of thalamus; retinogeniculate pathways

Question 21

pulvinar and superior colliculus

Answer 21

of thalamus and midbrain- critical role in visual attention

Question 22

left visual field

Answer 22

right sides of both retina and right hemisphere

Question 23

right visual field

Answer 23

left sides of both retina and left hemisphere

Question 24

multimodal perception

Answer 24

unified multisensory experience

Question 25

superior colliculus (multimodal)

Answer 25

contains orderly topographical maps in visual, tactile, and auditory domains

Question 26

McGurk Effects

Answer 26

a perceptual illusion that occurs when the auditory and visual components of speech don't match, causing the brain to perceive a third sound

Question 27

synesthesia

Answer 27

An idiosyncratic union between (or within) sensory modalities

Question 28

cortical plasticity

Answer 28

the brain's ability to reorganize itself and form new neural connections based on experience

Question 29

critical periods

Answer 29

a period of enhanced plasticity in the visual cortex during early development that allows for neuronal rewiring and rearrangement

Question 30

cross modal plasticity

Answer 30

when a sensory system is missing, another sensory system may expand their cortical recruitment