Chapter 5

Question 1

asylum

Answer 1

n. the right to protection in a country

Question 2

brain drain

Answer 2

n. the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another—often richer—country

Question 3

chain migration

Answer 3

n. type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there

Question 4

circular migration

Answer 4

n. migration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs

Question 5

circulation

Answer 5

n. temporary, repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis

Question 6

distance decay

Answer 6

n. a principle stating that the farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have

Question 7

emigration

Answer 7

n. movement away from a location

Question 8

forced migration

Answer 8

n. type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors

Question 9

friction of distance

Answer 9

n. a concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve

Question 10

gravity model

Answer 10

n. a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation

Question 11

guest worker

Answer 11

n. a migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor

Question 12

human migration

Answer 12

n. the permanent movement of people from one place to another

Question 13

human trafficking

Answer 13

n. defined by the United Nations as “the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)”

Question 14

immigration

Answer 14

n. movement to a location

Question 15

internal migration

Answer 15

n. movement within a country’s borders

Question 16

internally displaced person

Answer 16

n. person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country’s borders

Question 17

inter-regional migration

Answer 17

n. movement from one region of the country to another

Question 18

intervening obstacle

Answer 18

n. an occurrence that holds migrants back

Question 19

intervening opportunity

Answer 19

n. an occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice

Question 20

intra-regional migration

Answer 20

n. movement within one region of the country

Question 21

kinship links

Answer 21

n. networks of relatives and friends

Question 22

mobility

Answer 22

n. all types of movement from one location to another, whether temporary or permanent or over short or long distances

Question 23

net migration

Answer 23

n. the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or a country

Question 24

pull factor

Answer 24

n. a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location

Question 25

push factor

Answer 25

n. a negative cause that compels someone to leave a location

Question 26

quota

Answer 26

n. limit on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year

Question 27

refugee

Answer 27

n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death

Question 28

relocation diffusion

Answer 28

n. the spread of culture traits through the movement of people

Question 29

remittance

Answer 29

n. money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country

Question 30

repatriate

Answer 30

v. to return to one’s home country

Question 31

skills gap

Answer 31

n. a shortage of people trained in a particular industry

Question 32

step migration

Answer 32

n. series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination

Question 33

transhumance

Answer 33

n. the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter

Question 34

transnational migration

Answer 34

n. international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin

Question 35

voluntary migration

Answer 35

n. type of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place