Chapter 5 Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is Person–Environment Interaction?
Refers to the fact that behavior (B) is a function of both the person (P) and the environment (E).
However, the person’s perception of the environment is most important.
What are the five domains of competence?
- Biological health
- Sensory-perceptual functioning
- Motor skills
- Cognitive skills
- Ego strength
What is Environmental Press?
Refers to the physical, interpersonal, or social demands that environments put on people.
What is the Adaptation Level?
The area where press level is average for a particular level of competence; behavior and affect are normal.
What is the Zone of Maximum Performance Potential?
A slight increase in press improves performance.
What is the Zone of Maximum Comfort?
A slight decrease in press allows people to live happily without worrying about environmental demands.
What does Lawton and Nahemow’s model suggest?
Behavior depends on one’s competence level in an environment with a particular level of environmental press.
What is Proactivity?
Choosing new behaviors to meet new desires or needs.
What is Docility?
Allowing the situation to dictate the options.
What is the continuum of behavior?
Behavior is placed on a continuum from positive to negative and is either manifested as observable behavior and affect or feelings.
What results in adaptive behavior and positive affect?
Adaptive behavior and positive affect result from many different combinations of competence and press levels.
What is the adaptation level?
The adaptation level is a point of balance between environmental press and level of competence.
What is an implication of the adaptation level model?
The less competent a person is, the more impact the environment has.
How can older adults maintain good adaptation levels?
Older adults need to lower press or increase competence.
What is the Preventive and Corrective Proactivity (PCP) Model?
The PCP model explains how life stressors and lack of good congruence in person–environment interactions result in poor life outcomes.
What are the two types of proactive adaptations?
Preventive adaptations avoid stressors and increase social resources; corrective adaptations are responses to stressors facilitated by resources.
What does cross-cultural research in China indicate?
It shows the importance of proactivity.
How does Schooler apply the Stress and Coping Framework?
Schooler claims that older adults’ adaptation depends on their perception of environmental stress and their attempts to cope.
What role do social systems and institutions play in stress?
They may buffer the effects of stress.
What was the outcome of training in the Stress and Coping Framework for CNAs?
It resulted in better care for residents, better cooperation between staff members, and less turnover.
What is the focus of the theories discussed?
The focus must be on interactions between the person and the environment.
What is everyday competence?
Everyday competence is a person’s potential ability to perform a wide range of activities considered essential for independent living.
What factors influence everyday competence?
It is influenced by the complex interaction of a person’s physical, psychological, and social functioning.
What should researchers consider regarding everyday competence?
Researchers need to pay heed to cultural and contextual differences.
