Chapter 5

Question 1

the detection of physical energy by our sense organs

Answer 1

Sensations

Question 2

collection of processes used to arrive at a meaningful interpretation of those sensations

Answer 2

Perception

Question 3

3 Stages of Sensory Processing

Answer 3

Translate the Message ➡️ Identifying the Message Components ➡️ Create a Stable Interpretation from the Message

Question 4

hue (color)

Answer 4

wavelength

Question 5

rightness

Answer 5

intensity of light

Question 6

saturation

Answer 6

relative purity of light

Question 7

sclera

Answer 7

the white of the eye

Question 8

iris

Answer 8

the colored part of the eye

Question 9

pupil

Answer 9

the hole which light enters the eye

Question 10

altering the size of the pupil to adjust to lighting in different places

Answer 10

pupillary reflex

Question 11

curved transparent layer

Answer 11

cornea

Question 12

bends and changes curvature to fine-tune images

Answer 12

lens

Question 13

lens changing shape to focus light

Answer 13

accommodation:

Question 14

cells in the visual cortex that respond to very specific visual events such as bars of light at particular orientations

Answer 14

Feature Detectors

Question 15

theory proposing that cells in the visual pathway increase their activation levels to another color

Answer 15

Opponent Process Theory of Color Vision

Question 16

processing that is controlled by the physical message delivered to the senses

Answer 16

Bottom-up Processing

Question 17

processing that is controlled by one’s beliefs and expectations about how the world is organized

Answer 17

Top-down Processing

Question 18

cues for depth that require input from only one eye

Answer 18

monocular depth cues

Question 19

parallel lines that recede into the distance tend to converge toward a single point

Answer 19

linear perspective

Question 20

cues for depth that depend on comparisons between the two eyes

Answer 20

binocular depth cues

Question 21

difference between the locations of the images in the two eyes

Answer 21

retinal disparity

Question 22

the closer the stimulus, the more the eyes turn inward toward one another

Answer 22

convergence

Question 23

wave frequency (hertz)

Answer 23

pitch

Question 24

wave amplitude (decibels)

Answer 24

loudness

Question 25

complexity of sound

Answer 25

timbre

Question 26

external ear flap (what we refer to as the ear) helps us capture sounds

Answer 26

pinna

Question 27

vibrates in response to incoming sound waves

Answer 27

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 28

ear bones transmitting vibrations to inner ear

Answer 28

ossicles

Question 29

snail-shaped, where sound is translated into neural impulses

Answer 29

cochlea

Question 30

pitch perception is determined frequency of neural impulses traveling up the auditory pathway

Answer 30

frequency theory

Question 31

cells responsive to temperature located underneath the skin

Answer 31

thermoreceptors

Question 32

neurons responding to a cooling of the skin by increasing the production of neural impulses

Answer 32

cold fibers

Question 33

neurons that respond vigorously when the temperature of the skin increase

Answer 33

warm fibers

Question 34

pain receptors in the skin

Answer 34

nociceptors

Question 35

the idea that neural impulses generated by pain receptors can be blocked, or gated, in the spinal cord by signals produced in the brain

Answer 35

gate-control theory

Question 36

our sense of taste

Answer 36

gustation

Question 37

what are the 6 qualities of taste?

Answer 37

bitter, sour, sweet, salty, umami, fatty

Question 38

term used to describe the entire gustatory experience; influenced by taste, smell, visual appearance of food, and expectations about the food’s quality

Answer 38

flavor

Question 39

the bumps you can see on your tongue

Answer 39

papillae

Question 40

located on papillae

Answer 40

taste buds