Chapter 6

Question 1

our subjective experience and changing awareness of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives

Answer 1

Consciousness

Question 2

the internal processes used to set priorities for mental functioning

Answer 2

Attention

Question 3

different auditory messages are presented separately and simultaneously to each ear and the subject’s task is to repeat aloud one message while ignoring the other

Answer 3

dichotic listening technique

Question 4

the ability to focus on one auditory message and ignore others

Answer 4

cocktail party effect

Question 5

a disorder of attention characterized by a tendency to ignore things that appear on one side of the body

Answer 5

Visual Neglect

Question 5

fast and effortless processing that requires little or no focused attention

Answer 5

Automaticity

Question 6

a psychological disorder marked by difficulties in concentrating or in sustaining attention for extended periods

Answer 6

ADHD

Question 7

biological activities that rise and fall in accordance with a 24-hour cycle

Answer 7

Circadian Rhythms

Question 8

what are the sleep stages?

Answer 8

wakefulness, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, REM

Question 9

the actual symbols and events experienced in a dream

Answer 9

manifest content

Question 10

true psychological meaning of dream symbols

Answer 10

latent content

Question 11

dreams represent the brain’s attempt to make sense of random patterns of neural activity generated during sleep

Answer 11

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Question 12

low activity in this region during REM due to lack of visual input

Answer 12

striate cortex

Question 13

high activity in this religion during REM; reflects visual hallucinations during sleep

Answer 13

extrastriate cortex

Question 14

low activity in this religion during REM; reflects the lack of organization and planning that occurs in dreams

Answer 14

prefrontal cortex

Question 15

problems connected with the amount, timing, and quality of sleep

Answer 15

dyssomnias

Question 16

abnormal disturbances that occur during sleep

Answer 16

parasomnias

Question 17

chronic condition marked by difficulty starting or maintaining sleep

Answer 17

insomnia

Question 18

chronic condition marked by too much sleep

Answer 18

hypersomnia

Question 19

cessation of breathing while sleeping

Answer 19

sleep apnea

Question 20

rare sleep disorder characterized by sudden extreme sleepiness

Answer 20

narcolepsy

Question 21

frightening and anxiety-arousing dreams that occur primarily during the REM stage of sleep

Answer 21

nightmares

Question 22

terrifying experiences in which the sleeper awakens suddenly in an extreme state of panic

Answer 22

night terrors

Question 23

in which the sleeper arises during sleep and wanders about

Answer 23

sleepwalking

Question 24

endogenous chemical messengers that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the brain and body

Answer 24

neurotransmitters

Question 25

drugs that affect behavior and mental processes through alterations of conscious awareness

Answer 25

psychoactive drugs

Question 26

category of psychoactive drugs that slow or depress the ongoing activity of the central nervous system

Answer 26

depressants

Question 27

(sometimes referred to as psychedelics) a class of psychoactive drugs that tends to disrupt normal mental and emotional functioning, including distorting perception and altering reality

Answer 27

hallucinogens

Question 27

a class of psychoactive drugs that increase central nervous system activity, enhancing neural transmission

Answer 27

stimulants

Question 28

a form of social interaction that produces a heightened state of suggestibility in a willing participant

Answer 28

hypnosis

Question 29

a technique for self-induced manipulation of awareness, often used for the purpose of relaxation and self-reflection

Answer 29

meditation