chapter #5

Question 2

WHAT IS

1) Harrison Narcotics Act (1915)
and
2) Controlled Substances Act (1970)

Answer 2

us laws that
1)Narcotics must only be used for medical purposes
2)Established a Classification system

Question 3

DEFINE

Schedule 2 drugs

Answer 3

Drugs with no medical use and high abuse lability.

Question 4

DEFINE

Schedule 1 drugs

Answer 4

Drugs with no medical use and high abuse lability.

Question 5

WHAT IS

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (1996)

Answer 5

canadian drug laws that
-classsivfe drungs into one of the 4 drug catagorys 1 being the highest risk and 4 being lowest risk

Question 6

WHAT IS

Harm Rating Scales

Answer 6

A scale that detemines how harmful a drug is

Question 7

WHAT ARE

the Three traits looked at in the Harm Rating Scale?

Answer 7

Physical Harm
Addiction
Societal Harm

Question 8

WHAT IS

Remission

Answer 8

Periods of reprieve from sysptoms

Question 9

WHAT IS

Theoretical Modles of Drug Addiction

Answer 9

Scientific attemps to charscterize, understand, and explan compulsive drug use.

Relys heavily on associative learing principles

Question 10

DEFINE

Operant Conditioning

Answer 10

using reward (positive reinforcement) and punishment (Negitive reinforcement) to get the conditioned responce

Question 11

DEFINE

Classical Conditioning

Answer 11

assosiating a stimulus(conditioned stimulus) with a stimulus that give the desired effect(Discriminative stimulus), so even after removing the Discriminative stimulus the conditioned stimulus give the desired response

Question 12

DEFINE

Goal-Directed Behavior

Answer 12

Behvior the occures when an organism rngages in learned behavoirs in orfer yo achive a desired goal

Question 13

DEFINE

Drive Theory

Answer 13

Repeated drug use that caises a drive to seek a drugs positive reinforcing effects

Question 14

DFINE

Opponent-Process theory

Answer 14

effects of a drug automatically counteracted by opposing actions in the body

Question 15

DEFINE

Allostasis

Answer 15

The prosses of the body using change to maintane homeostasis
meaning “maintaining stability through change”

Question 16

DEFINE

Incentive-Salience Modle

Answer 16

Drug addiction occurs after there is a shift from liking a drug to wanting a drug

Question 17

DEFINE

Incentive salience

Answer 17

Attribution of salient motivational value to otherwise neutral stimuli

Question 18

DEFINE

Disease Theory

Answer 18

this theory say Addiction is a disease of disrupted neurological processes

Question 19

WHAT IS

the Reward Circutity

Answer 19

Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway

Question 20

WHAT ARE

the three components of the
Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway

Answer 20

Ventral Tegmental Area
Nucleus Accumbens
Ventral Pallidum

Question 21

WHAT IS

D2 Receptors

Answer 21

Excitatroy

Question 22

EXPLANE

what area of the brain does drug abuse effect

Answer 22

it effect the reward circuits increasing DA much more then natural reinforcers

Question 22

WHAT IS

D1 Receptors

Answer 22

Inhibitory

Question 23

WHAT ARE

the two ways of increasing DA

Answer 23

-Directly: Blocks DA reuptake
-indirectly: reduve GABA inhibition

Question 24

# WHAT IS the part of the brain that asociates stimuli with emotional events

Answer 24

Amygdala

Question 25

# WHAT DOES the Amygdala do during drug use

Answer 25

associates the stiuki commonly present during drug use with the reinforcing effects of the drug

Question 26

# EXPLAN the Thalamus

Answer 26

Routes sensory info to the cerebral cortex

Question 27

# EXPLAIN the Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 27

stimuli are processed and motor responses are initiated

Question 28

# EXPLAIN the Orbitofrontal Cortex and drug use

Answer 28

enhances incentive value of stimuli associated with drug use

Question 29

# WHAT IS the thalamo-cortico-amygdala pathway

Answer 29

its the pathway in the brain containing the Orbitofrontal Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Thalamus, Amygdala.

Question 30

# WHAT DOES the thalamo-cortico-amygdala pathway do with the sesory info

Answer 30

it sends it to the Hippocampus and the Hypothalamus

Question 30

# EXPLAIN Hippocampus and drug use

Answer 30

provides contextual info linked with drugs

Question 31

# EXPLAIN Hypothalamus and drug use

Answer 31

Elicits autonomic sysem effects associated with physiological withdrawal symptoms

Question 32

# EXPLAIN Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 32

the part of the brain important for executive control ex. planning, decision making, | this is compromised with drug use

Question 33

# EXPLAIN Dorsal Striatum

Answer 33

Important or automatic procedural memories | has a role in habit development

Question 34

# EXPLAIN Detoxification

Answer 34

the process of stopping drug ise and reducing withdrawal symptoms

Question 35

# EXPLAIN three common thaerapys to lessen withdrawal symptoms

Answer 35

Drug Replacement Therapy Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 12-step programs