chapter 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Representation of the sound of a stimulus in the mind.
Auditory coding
In Atkinson and Shiffrin’s modal model of memory, active processes that can be controlled by the person and may differ from one task to another.
Control process
a collection of elements that are strongly associated with each other, but are weakly associated with elements in other chunks _____
chunk
Combining small units into larger ones, such as when individual words are combined into a meaningful sentence.
Chunking
Process by which information is lost from memory due to the passage of time.
Decay
The form in which stimuli are represented in the mind. For example, information can be represented in visual, semantic, and phonological forms.
Coding
The number of digits a person can remember
Digit span
Brief sensory memory for auditory stimuli that lasts for a few seconds after a stimulus is extinguished.
Echoic memory
The process of acquiring information and transferring it into memory.
Encoding
Brief sensory memory for visual stimuli that lasts for a fraction of a second after a stimulus is extinguished.
Iconic memory
Difficulty in switching from one behavior to another, which can hinder a person’s ability to solve problems that require flexible thinking.
Perseveration
The continued perception of light for a fraction of a second after the original light stimulus has been extinguished.
Persistence of vision
The part of working memory that holds and processes verbal and auditory information.
Phonological loop
An effect that occurs when letters or words that sound similar are confused. For example, T and P are two similar-sounding letters that could be confused.
Phonological similarity effect
Component of the phonological loop of working memory that holds a limited amount of verbal and auditory information for a few seconds.
Phonological store
maximum number of sentences that a person can read
Reading span
A test in which participants are presented with stimuli and then, after a delay, are asked to remember as many of the stimuli as possible.
Recall test
The process of repeating a stimulus over and over, usually for the purpose of remembering it, that keeps the stimulus active in short-term memory.
Rehearsal
The process of remembering information that has been stored in long-term memory.
Retrieval
Coding in the mind in the form of meaning.
Semantic coding
A brief stage of memory that holds information for seconds or fractions of a second.
Sensory memory
Coding in the mind in the form of a visual image.
Visual coding
The part of working memory that holds and processes visual and spatial information.
Visuospatial sketch pad
