Chapter 5 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Why and how did globalization begin?
There are multiple answers to this
1. Dawn of humankind
2. Roman Empire
3. Mongolian Empire
4. Christopher Columbus
Why and how did globalization begin?
Dawn of Humankind
People were evolving from homo neanderthalensis to homo sapiens. They started moving around to different parts of the world.
Came from the Southern Part of Africa
Why and how did globalization begin?
Roman Empire
625 BC - 476 AD
When the Romans ruled Western Europe and parts of Northern Africa. They went from Italy and stopped and Adrien’s Wall.
The wall kept the Scottish out
Why and how did globalization begin?
Mongolian Empire
1100’s
Genghis Khan (Mongolian warrior-ruler) introduced the concept of fighting while on horseback.
* With this strategy, he created an empire that spanned from the Adriatic Sea to the Pacific Coat of China.
* He also connected trade routes, linking Europe and Asia into one long, controlled pathway.
Why and how did globalization begin?
Christopher Columbus
1492
When Columbus made his first trip to the Americas. He thought that he arrived in India, even though he was in Central America.
Columbus was a Genoese explorer sponsored by Isabella I of Castile, the Monarch of Spain
Genoese
It is now known as Italy
When were the three distinct phases/rounds of globalization?
- 300 BCE
- 1400’s - 1939
- 1939 - Present
When were the three distinct phases/rounds of globalization?
300 BCE
- Goods and ideas were exchanged along the ancient trade routes
- Arab civilization were among first ambassadors of the realm of ideas
- Transferred knowledge of Indian science, medicine, literature, and math to Europe
When were the three distinct phases/rounds of globalization?
1400’s - 1939
- Europe developed better sailing technology
- European imperialism
What is Imperialism?
One country’s domination of another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions
When were the three distinct phases/rounds of globalization?
1939 - Present
- Also known as “Contemporary Globalization”
- Rapid growth of world markets and nearly instant communications
- Marked by the rapid rise of China and India as economic powers
What are some other beliefs about the phases of globalization?
- Some people, like economists O’Rourke and Williamson believe that the third age started in the 1800’s, die to the rise of modern farms and factories
- Some believe that we are in the fourth round/phase, since social media evolved globalization
What was the Silk Road?
This is a part of phase one
A network of caravan tracks that connected Europe and Asia. It was more of an idea, a concept, rather than an actual thing.
Started as early as the third century (200 AD)
What was exchanged on the Silk Road?
This is a part of phase one
People traded goods, along with languages and ideas.
Very few people travelled the entire route between East and West
Through the Silk Road, what went to the East?
This is a part of phase one
Middle East to Asia
- Horses
- Buddhist relics
- Amber and ivory
- Glass
- Grapes
- Syrian jugglers and acrobats
Through the Silk Road, what went to the West?
This is a part of phase one
Asia to Middle East
- Silk
- Gems
- Animals and plants
- Spices
- Porcelain
- Gunpowder
- Paper
What travelled the Silk Road?
This is a part of phase one
Silk, spices, jade, stones, porcelain, horses, textiles, glassware, and ideas (Buddhism and the Indo-Arabic number system).
What was the goal of the Silk Road?
This is a part of phase one
To provide easy transport of prized Asian goods to European markets.
What travelled the Silk Road?
Buddhism
This is a part of phase one
Buddhism came from India, and travelled East
What travelled the Silk Road?
Indo-Arabic Number System
This is a part of phase one
I, II, III to 1, 2, 3
* Originated in India, later adopted in the Middle East
* In the 11th century, Europeans who trades with Middle Eastern merchants introduced this new counting system to Italy, where they still used the Roman system. From Italy, the news spread throughout Europe.
We still use the Roman system today
What caused the next wave of globalization?
This is a part of phase two
Technically, the next ‘major wave’ didn’t happen until the 15-16th century, but these factors set the stage.
- Urbanization and the rise of the European Middle class
- Technological advancements
- Rise of powerful centralized states
Urbanization and rise of middle class
This is a part of phase two
- In the beginning, many people lived in homes, under the protection and land of local lords.
- During the 14th and 15th century, there was lots of urbanization. Towns became centers for commerce and trade.
- You could now be wealthy according to the trade that you do rather than how much land you own.
- Guilds and new professions were created, which meant that not everyone had to be a peasant or noble.
- Valued education, welcomed scientific discoveries and new technologies
- As middle class grew + became more influential, trade became more important
Long story short: people depended less on lords and more on economic opportunities. They had greater freedom and mobility, which also promoting independent thinking.
Urbanization
This is a part of phase two
When people move into urban areas, usually from rural lands.
New technologies
This is a part of phase two
- Sailing: new sailing tech, new ships (caravel, galleon)
- Navigation: magnetic compass, astrolabe, sextant (better mapping)
- Weaponry: gunpowder invented in China, brought to Europe and used in 1324 –> CANNONS
- Printing press: created in mid 1400’s, books were copied quickly + cheap, therefore encouraging people to read. Helps to spread ideas abt science, religion, politics, and philosophy
