Chapter 5 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is public health surveillance?
The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice.
What is the goal of public health surveillance?
To provide information that can be used for health action by public health personnel, government leaders, and the public to guide public health policy and programs.
Identify the five core sciences in public health.
- Public Health Surveillance
- Epidemiology
- Public Health Laboratories
- Public Health Informatics
- Prevention Effectiveness
What is the legal basis for public health surveillance in the United States?
Authority based on the U.S. Constitution, including the general welfare clause and interstate commerce clause.
What are the two main types of public health surveillance?
- Active Surveillance
- Passive Surveillance
What is active surveillance?
Health agencies contact health providers seeking reports to ensure more complete reporting of conditions.
What is passive surveillance?
Diseases are reported by health care providers, which is simple and inexpensive but limited by incompleteness of reporting.
What is sentinel surveillance?
Reporting of health events by health professionals who are selected to represent a geographic area or a specific reporting group.
What are the attributes of a surveillance system?
- Usefulness
- Data quality
- Timeliness
- Flexibility
- Simplicity
- Stability
- Sensitivity
- Predictive value positive
- Representativeness
- Acceptability
True or False: CDC must be invited by a state before conducting public health surveillance.
True
What does the public health surveillance process include?
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis
- Data Interpretation
- Data Dissemination
- Link to Action
What types of data sources are commonly used for public health surveillance?
- Reported diseases or syndromes
- Electronic health records
- Vital records
- Registries
- Surveys
Fill in the blank: Public Health Surveillance is the ________, __________ collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data.
[ongoing, systematic]
Uses of Public health surveillance ?
- Identifying patients and their contacts for treatment
- Detecting epidemics and health problems
- Estimating the magnitude of health problems
- Measuring trends and characterizing disease
- Monitoring changes in agents
- Assessing program effectiveness
- Developing hypotheses and stimulating research
What is the role of epidemiology in public health?
Determining where diseases originate, how they move through populations, and how to prevent them.
What is the significance of public health informatics?
Dealing with methods for collecting, compiling, and presenting health information, especially as we transition to electronic health records.
What is the purpose of prevention effectiveness studies?
To provide important economic information for decision-makers to help them choose the best options available.
True or False: Public health is better able to respond to situations by using contributions from only one core science.
False
What is syndromic surveillance?
Focuses on one or more symptoms rather than a physician-diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed disease.
What is the Nationally Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS)?
A system where many diseases on a state list are also nationally notifiable.
What is a key feature of the link to action in public health surveillance?
Ensures that public health surveillance leads to monitoring trends and patterns in disease, risk factors, and agents.
What is required for reporting cases of internationally notifiable diseases to WHO?
Reporting of specific diseases such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, human influenza caused by a new subtype and SARS.
What is the health surveillance process?
A systematic method to collect, analyze, and interpret health-related data.
What are the key components of data dissemination?
Sharing health data with:
1. Health agency newsletters, bulletins or alerts
2. Surveillance summaries and reports
3. Medical and epidemiologic journal articles
4. Press releases and social media
