Chapter 5 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Why are binary numbers important?
They are how computers store and send all data.
Binary numbers form the foundation of all digital computing and data representation.
Where are binary numbers used?
In everything digital—text, images, sound, and video.
Binary numbers are essential for all forms of digital content.
What is a bit?
A bit is the smallest unit of data. It’s a 0 or 1.
A bit represents a binary state in computing.
How do bits become text?
Each letter has a binary code using ASCII.
ASCII is a character encoding standard that represents text in computers.
What does this process show about abstraction?
It hides the 0s and 1s and shows letters instead.
Abstraction simplifies complex data representation.
How do you convert binary to decimal?
Add powers of 2 where the binary has 1s.
This method is based on the binary numeral system.
How do you convert decimal to binary?
Divide by 2 and write down remainders backward.
This method is a common algorithm for binary conversion.
What is overloading?
When a command does different things based on the input.
Overloading is often used in programming for flexibility.
How are images encoded?
Each pixel has a color code made of bits.
This encoding allows for the representation of images in digital form.
How do bits become images?
Bits are grouped to show color and placed in rows.
This process is essential for rendering digital images.
What is analog data?
Smooth data like real sound or light.
Analog data represents continuous signals.
What is digital data?
Broken into chunks, like bits.
Digital data is discrete and can be easily processed by computers.
What is sampling?
Taking bits of analog data to turn it into digital.
Sampling is crucial for converting analog signals into digital form.
What are layers of abstraction in images?
Images → Pixels → Colors → Bits.
This hierarchy helps in understanding image representation.
What is compression?
Making a file smaller by removing extra info.
Compression is used to save storage space and bandwidth.
What is lossless compression?
Shrinks file but keeps all data.
Lossless compression is essential for text and other critical data.
What is lossy compression?
Shrinks file but loses some data.
Lossy compression is often used for multimedia files where some data loss is acceptable.
When is lossless compression better?
When you need perfect data, like for text.
Lossless compression is preferred in scenarios where fidelity is crucial.
When is lossy compression better?
When a smaller size is more important, like for videos or photos.
This is often the case in streaming media applications.
