Chapter 5 Flashcards
The sequence in which the greatest growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually works down from top to bottom.
Cephalocaudal pattern
The sequence in which growth starts at the centre of the body and moves toward the extremities.
Proximodistal
Nerve cell that handles information processing at the cellular level.
Neuron
Specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other.
Lateralization
A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.
REM ( rapid eye movement ) sleep
A condition that occurs when an infant stops breathing. Usually during the night, and suddenly dies without apparent cause.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
A wasting away of body tissues in the infant’s first year, caused by severe protein-calorie deficiency.
Marasmus
A condition caused by a deficiency in protein, the child’s abdomen and feet swell with water.
Kwashiorkor
The perspective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behavior are assembled for perceiving and acting.
Dynamic systems theory
A newborn automatically sucks an object placed in its mouth.
Sucking reflex
When the infant’s cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched, the infant turns its head toward the side that was touched in an apparent effort ot find something to such.
Rooting reflex
A neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden, intense, intense noise or movement, When startled, the newborn arches its back, throws its head back, and flings out its arms and lets. Then the newborn rapidly draws its arms and legs close to the centre of the body.
Moro reflex
A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant’s palms. The infant responds by grasping tightly.
Grasping reflex
Involve large muscle activities, such as moving one’s arms and walking.
Gross motor skills
Motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.
Fine motor skills
Occurs when a stimulus reaches sensory receptors-the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.
Sensation
The interpretation of what is sensed.
Perception
The ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.
Intermodal perception
In Piaget’s theory, a cognitive structure that helps individuals organize and understand their experiences.
Scheme
Piaget’s concept of grouping isolated behaviours and thoughts into a higher order system.
Organization
A mechanism that Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next.
Equilibration
Piaget’s first sensorimotor substage, which corresponds to the first month after birth. In this substage, sensation and action are coordinated primarily through reflexive behaviours.
Simple reflexes
Pisget’s second sensorimotor suvstage, which develops between one and four months of age, In this substage, the infant coordinates sensation and two types of schemes: habits and primary circular reactions.
First habits and primary circular reactions
A scheme based on the attempt to reproduced an event that initially occurred by chance.
Primary circular reaction
