Chapter 5 Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Which policy is associated with increased immigration from Asia and the Middle East from pre-1961 to post-1971?
A
multiculturalism
2
Q
Which newspaper headline best reflects the findings of the Bilingualism and Biculturalism Commission?
A
French Canadians feel alienated from rest of Canada
3
Q
Union Nationale
A
a conservativeand nationalist provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, that identified with Québécois autonomism
4
Q
Maurice Duplessis
A
Priemer of Quebec and leader of Union Nationale. 1936 to 1939, and again from 1944 to 1959
5
Q
The Quiet Revolution
A
a period of rapid change
and reform that modernized Québec society
during the years 1960 to 1966 under
the Liberal provincial government of Jean
Lesage
6
Q
Jean Lesage
A
Elected in 1960, began the Quiet revolution. the Liberals came to
power with an election slogan that announced it was “Time for a Change.
7
Q
Maitres chez nous
A
In 1962 They campaigned,
and won, with the motto “Masters in our own
house”—with the aim of strengthening Québec’s control of its own economy
8
Q
separatism
A
the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. In Québec nationalism and the separatist movement grew in the 1960s and
1970s.
9
Q
FLQ
A
(Front de libération du Québec) a
revolutionary movement founded to work
for an independent, socialist Québec
10
Q
Bi and Bi Commission
A
a Canadian royal commission established on 19 July 1963, by the government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson to “inquire into and report upon the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada
11
Q
Flag debate
A
English Canadians wanted to
keep the Red Ensign; French Canada wanted a new flag. Finally, after hundreds
of suggestions from across Canada, the red-and-white maple leaf
design was chosen. On February 15, 1965, Canada’s new flag was raised on
Parliament Hill for the first time
12
Q
Official Languages Act
A
the Act that states
that French and English are Canada’s official
languages, and that all federal institutions
must provide services in English and
French
13
Q
October Crisis
A
1970 ,a series of events triggered by two kidnappings of government officials by members of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) during October 1970 . The circumstances culminated in the only peacetime use of the War Measures Act in Canada’s history,
14
Q
James Cross
A
Part of the October Crisis. 0, members of the FLQ kidnapped British diplomat James Cross. In exchange for Cross’s safe release, they demanded the release of FLQ members serving prison sentences and a public reading of the FLQ manifesto
15
Q
Pierre Laporte
A
Part of the OCtober Crisis. Kidnaped by the FLQ after FLQ would not be released by Québec Premier Robert Bourassa
16
Q
War Measures Act, 1970
A
October Crisis. The first time that the war measures act was used durning Peaceful times. Act suspended Canadians’ civil rights—anyone could be
arrested and detained without being charged with no reason
17
Q
Rene Levesque
A
1967, Québec Cabinet minister, e left the Liberal Party
and, a year later, formed the Parti Québécois (PQ). Lévesque believed that Québec and Canada would do better to “divorce” peacefully than to continue
a “marriage” of two cultures that seemed imposed and unworkable. Tried to help CAnada and Quebec get together
18
Q
Parti Quebecois
A
a Québec provincial
party that advocates separation from
Canada
19
Q
Bill 101
A
also called the “Charter of the
French Language,” Bill 101 strengthened
the position of the French language in
Québec
20
Q
Quebec Referendum, 1980
A
the first vote in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty. PQ government of René Lévesque
- free trade between Canada and Québec
- a common currency for the two nations
- common tariffs against imported goods
21
Q
Sovereignty-association
A
a proposal by
Québec nationalists that Québec have
political independence yet retain close
economic ties or association with Canada
22
Q
BNA Act, 1867
A
Had been Canada’s Constitution since
1867. The Act set out the powers of the federal and provincial governments
and guaranteed the language and education rights of Québec’s Francophone
majority.
23
Q
Patriation of the Constitution
A
1982 Canada “patriated” its Constitution, transferring the country’s highest law, the British North America Act, from the authority of the British Parliament — a connection from the colonial past — to Canada’s federal and provincial legislatures.
24
Q
Amending formula
A
a process by which
changes can legally be made to the
Canadian Constitution
25
Kitchen Compromise
1981: final desperate attempt to come to
| agreement at hotel in Ottawa. written in the hotel kitchen in the middle of the night
26
notwithstanding clause
a clause in the
Canadian Constitution (Section 33[1]) that
enables Parliament or the legislature of a
province to allow an Act to stand even
though it contravenes the Charter of
Rights and Freedoms
27
Robert Bourassa
Québec Premier During october crisis. M Made bill 22 which provincial legislation that made
French the sole official language of
Québec
28
Reform Party
a right-wing populist (Common man )federal political party in Canada that existed from 1987 to 2000.
Conservatism
Libertarian conservatism
29
Preston Manning
a Canadian politician. He was the only leader of the Reform Party of Canada
30
Meech Lake Accord
a package of
constitutional amendments that would
define Québec as a distinct society within
Canada
31
distinct-society
a political term especially used during constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990. Refers to the uniqueness of the province of Quebec within Canada
32
Elijah Harper
a Canadian politician and Chief of his Red Sucker Lake community. He was a key player in the rejection of the Meech Lake Accord, an attempt at Canadian constitutional reform
33
Lucien Bouchard
a powerful Québec member of
Mulroney’s Cabinet, resigned in protest and formed a new national
party, the Bloc Québécois
34
Bloc Quebecois
The Bloc would run in federal elections
| but it remained committed to Québec separation
35
Charlottetown Accord
a package of constitutional
amendments. Québec’s concerns
in ways similar to the Meech Lake Accord, but it also advocated the principle of Aboriginal self-government. In addition, the Charlottetown Accord proposed reforming the Senate. 54.3 percent of Canadian voters rejected it.
36
Quebec Referendum, 1995
the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent state, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada. No won by50.58%
37
Jacques Parizeau
a noted economist and Quebec sovereigntist who was the 26th Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from September 26, 1994, to January 29, 1996
38
clarity bill
legislation passed by the Chrétien government requiring separatist
referendums to pass with a “clear
majority” rather than 50 percent plus 1,
before Québec could negotiate separation
39
Official multiculturalism
passed in 1988, that aims to preserve and enhance multiculturalism in Canada.
40
Cultural "mosaic" vs. "melting pot"
Mosaic refers to a nation of people who are different, and represent a variety of cultures, religions and ethnicities. Melting pot refers to a country that pressures people to conform to it's ways. Unless you conform, you will be seen as an outsider.
41
Aboriginal rights
The rights of aboriginal people. Usally had to fight very hard for even basic rights
42
Residential schools
Boarding schools for aboriginal's. Many bad stories of how they were abused and taken advantage there.
43
White Paper, 1969
the government
report proposing dramatic changes to
the lives of Aboriginal peoples, including
the elimination of the Indian Act
44
Aboriginal self-government
proposals to give governments representing the Aboriginal peoples of Canada greater powers of government. The Charlottetown Accord also advocated the
principle of Aboriginal self-governme
45
Harold Cardinal
an Alberta Cree leader. Helped lead the attack against the white paper. Aboriginal people were furious. They saw the White Paper as an attack on
their right to maintain their unique identity. H
46
Phil Fontaine
Assembly of First Nations
National Chief. First one to spoke out about the physical and sexual abuse he suffered
at a residential school.
47
Berger Commission
hearings all over the North listening carefully to
Aboriginan problems . he commission recommended that construction
of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline be suspended for 10 years pending an
in-depth environmental study and negotiations with the Aboriginal people
48
Indian Act
a Canadian statute that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. First passed in 1876 and is still in force with amendments, it is the primary document which governs how the Canadian state interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members
49
Aboriginal land claims
two types. Specific claims areas where treaties between Aboriginal peoples and the federal
government have been signed, but their terms have not been kept (highways ) and Comprehensive claims the ownership of land in large parts of Canada that were
never surrendered by treaty.
50
Oka confrontation
Oka Crisis in Québec 1990. The town council
decided to expand a golf course into long-disputed land
that Mohawks at the nearby Kanesatake reserve considered sacred. The Mohawks decided to stop construction of the golf course by blockading the land.
July 11, the
police advanced on the Mohawk lines, gunfire broke out,
and an officer was killed.
51
Douglas Cardinal
s a distinguished
architect from Calgary, Alberta. He is best known for
designing the Canadian Museum of Civilization. In his
words, “
52
Bill Reid
discovered in his teens that
his mother was Haida. He became interested in
traditional Haida carving techniques and began to
create wooden masks and totem poles using traditional
techniques. Reid’s work inspired other
Aboriginal artists to return to traditional art forms
53
Nisga'a Treaty
treaty settled between the Nisg̱a'a, the government of British Columbia, and the Government of Canada. As part of the settlement in the Nass River valley nearly 2,000 square kilometres of land was officially recognized as Nisg̱a'a, and a 300,000 cubic decameter water reservation was also created. Bear Glacier Provincial Park was also created as a result of this agreement May 29 1999
54
Delgamuluukw case
a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where the Court expressly and explicitly declined to make any definitive statement on the nature of aboriginal title in Canada. 1997 They claimed ownership and legal jurisdiction over 133 individual hereditary territories, a total of 58,000 square kilometres of northwestern British Columbia
55
Josepth Gosnell
Nisga’a Chief a distinguished leader of the Nisga'a people of northern British Columbia, Canada. was the chief Nisga'a representative in the negotiations that led to the signing of the Nisga'a Treaty [3] on 4 August 1998, the first modern treaty between a British Columbia First Nation,
56
Creation of Nunavut
It gave the Inuit of this northern area political control over 2 million square kilometres of the
eastern Arctic. Aboriginal land claims and self-government will continue to
be a powerful force for change in shaping the nation into the 2
57
democracy
```
a system of government in
which people freely choose in elections
who will govern them; the principles and
ideals of such a government, including
free speech and the rule of law
```
58
direct democracy
y a system in which
| citizens vote directly on every issue
59
constitutional democracy
a system in
which citizens elect a politician who then
makes decisions for them
60
monarch
a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.
61
Queen Elizabeth II
the Queen of 16 of the 53 member states in the Commonwealth of Nations. She is Head of the Commonwealth and Supreme Governor of the Church of England
62
Head of State
the highest-ranking constitutional position in a sovereign state [note 1] and is vested with powers to act as the chief public representative of that state
63
Written Constitution
a formal document defining the nature of the constitutional settlement, the rules that govern the political system and the rights of citizens and governments in a codified form
64
BNA Act
the original names of a series of Acts at the core of the constitution of Canada
65
Unwritten Constitution
the ideas and processes that are accepted as a needed part of American government, regardless of the fact that they are not actually in the Constitution. These ideas and processes came about through the custom and precedent.
66
Constitution Act, 1867
a major part of Canada's Constitution. The Act created a federal dominion and defines much of the operation of the Government of Canada, including its federal structure, the House of Commons, the Senate, the justice system, and the taxation system
67
Federal system/federalism
a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant (Latin: foedus, covenant) with a governing representative head. . Federalism is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments, creating what is often called a federation
68
Division of powers
federal level of government has powers that are different from those of provincial governments.. he federal government makes decisions that affect Canadians every day.
69
Residual powers
power retained by a governmental authority after certain powers have been delegated to other authorities.
70
Shared responsibilities
Provincial and territorial governments share responsibility with the Government of Canada for health services, immigration
71
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
the office that
| organizes the work of the Cabinet
72
Executive branch (power)
s the President of the United States whose powers include being able to veto, or reject, a proposal for a law,appoint federal posts, such as members of government agencies, negotiate foreign treaties with other countries, appoint federal judges, and grant pardons, or forgiveness,
73
Legislative branch (power)
, meaning that it is the only part of the government that can make new laws or change existing laws.
74
Judicial branch (power)
determines whether the Constitution allows certain laws to be passed. If the Supreme Court decides that a law passed by Congress is not allowable, then the law is considered unconstitutional and is erased. This gives the Supreme Court a tremendous amount of power
75
Parliament
a legislature( the law-making body of a political unit, usually a national government, that has power to enact, amend, and repeal public policy). More specifically, "parliament" may refer only to a democratic government's legislature
76
session
the period of time in which a legislature, in both parliamentary and presidential systems, is convened for purpose of lawmaking, usually being one of two or more smaller divisions of the entire time between two elections
77
House of Commons
the first legislative
body of Parliament whose members are
elected
78
riding/constituency/ electoral districts
a
geographical area of a given size or population
used as a unit in elections
79
Member of Parliament (MP)
are directly elected by eligible Canadian voters, with each MP representing a single electoral district
80
Hansard
the traditional name of the transcripts of Parliamentary Debates in Britain and many Commonwealth countries. It is named after Thomas Curson Hansard (1776–1833), a London printer and publisher, who was the first official printer to the parliament at Westminster.
81
Speaker of the House
the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada and is elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow Members of Parliament.. In Canada it is the Speaker's responsibility to manage the House of Commons and supervise its staff. It is also the Speaker's duty to act as a liaison with the Senate and the Crown.
82
Official Opposition
, is usually the largest parliamentary opposition party in the House of Commons or a provincial legislative assembly that is not in government, either on its own or as part of a governing coalition. This is usually the second-largest party in a legislative house, although, in certain unusual circumstances, it may be a third or fourth party or even the largest party.
83
Leader of the Opposition
is the leader of Canada's Official Opposition, the party with the most seats in the House of Commons that is not a member of the government
84
Caucus
a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement.
85
"free vote"
members voting according to
| their own conscience
86
Public Service
the government administration
87
Senate + Senators
Senate the second legislative body in
Parliament consisting of appointed members
whose role is to give sober second
thought to the passage of bills
88
sober second thought
, achieve a balance of regional interests and to provide a house check the power of the lower house when necessary.
89
patronage appointments
the giving, by premiers and prime
ministers particularly, of offices and rewards in return
for loyalty or favours to the party. these appointments go to people who have supported the political party of the Prime Minister
90
Senate reform
abolishing the senate
91
Triple E Senate
proposed variation of reform to the current Canadian Senate, calling for senators to be elected to exercise effective powers in numbers equally representative of each provinc
92
Governor General
is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. the governor general to carry out most of her constitutional and ceremonial duties.
93
Royal Assent or Formal Assent
```
the final stage a bill must
complete before it is passed into law in
which the Governor General (or
Lieutenant-Governor in the provinces)
signs or grants approval for the bill
```
94
Prime Minister
prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government.
95
Political Party
n organization of people which seeks to achieve goals common to its members through the acquisition and exercise of political power.
96
Head of Government
head of government of a country is the person who runs it. This is not always the same person as the head of state. Official titles for heads of government include Premier or Prime Minister
97
Cabinet
the group of ministers chosen by
the prime minister who decide government
policy; each Cabinet minister has a
responsibility for a particular department
98
Cabinet ministers
person who is a member of the cabinet
99
Cabinet solidarity
the custom that Cabinet
members must not show disagreement
with government policies
100
Shadow Cabinet + Critic
a feature of the Westminster system of government. It comprises a senior group of opposition spokespeople who, under the leadership of the Leader of the Opposition, form an alternative cabinet to that of the government, and whose members shadow or mark each individual member of the Cabine. Teir job to say what is wrong
101
Member of Legislative Assembly
a representative elected by the voters of a constituency to the legislature or Legislative Assembly of a sub-national jurisdiction.
102
Lieutenant Governor
the viceregal representative in a provincial jurisdiction of the Canadian monarch and head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, who resides predominantly in her oldest realm, the United Kingdom.
103
Premier
title for the head of government in some countries, states and sub-national governments
104
Provincial government
the powers of government are shared between the federal government and 10 provincial governments.
105
First Reading
```
The bill is introduced to the
House of Commons, then
printed and distributed to
Members of Parliament.
The bill is not debated at
this stage.
```
106
Second Reading
The principle and
purpose of the bill is
debated in the House
107
Parliamentary Committee
a group of Members or Senators (or both in the case of joint committees) appointed by one or both Houses of Parliament to undertake certain specified tasks.
108
Third Reading
MPs have a final opportunity
| to review and amend the bill.
109
Civil servants
the body of people who work
in government administration They. conduct the daily
business of the government. Writing letters to the
editor, e-mailing, blogging, or participating in
radio phone-in shows also help citizens communicate
their thoughts and ideas to government
110
bureaucracy
officials and administrators
| who carry out the work of government
111
Bill to a Law
To become law, a bill must first be introduced in either the Senate or the House of Commons. It must then pass through various stages in each House: first, second and third reading. Then it must receive Royal Assent.
112
Private Member's Bill
a parliamentary system of government is a bill (proposed law) introduced into a legislature by a legislator who is not acting on behalf of the executive branch. The designation "private member's bill" is used in most Westminster System jurisdictions, in which a "private member" is any member of parliament (MP) who is not a member of the cabinet
113
Michaelle Jean
a Canadian stateswoman and former journalist who is the third and current Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, after succeeding Abdou Diouf in January 2015; she is the first woman to hold the position. From 2005 to 2010, Jean was Governor General of Canada
114
Adrienne Clarkson
is a Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 26th since Canadian Confederation.
115
Lester Pearson
Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier and diplomat, who won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis
116
Pierre Elliot Trudeau
Trudeau nation, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.
117
Brian Mulroney
the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984 to June 25, 1993, and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993
118
Kim Campbell
a Canadian politician, lawyer, university professor, diplomat, and writer. She served as the 19th Prime Minister of Canada, from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993
119
Jean Chretien
a Canadian statesman who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003.
120
Paul Martin
was the 21st Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party of Canada after being the Canadian Minister of Finance
121
Stephen Harper
a Canadian politician who is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and the Leader of the Conservative Party. Harper became prime minister in 2006, forming a minority government after the 2006 election
122
Jack Layton
a Canadian social democratic politician and Leader of the Official Opposition
123
Gilles Duceppe
a Canadian politician, proponent of the Québec sovereignty movement and leader of the Bloc Québécois.
124
Gordon Campbell
a Canadian diplomat and politician who was the 35th Mayor of Vancouver from 1986 to 1993 and the 34th Premier of British Columbia from 2001 to 2011
125
Carol James
a Canadian politician and former public administrator. She is the former Leader of the Opposition in British Columbia and former leader of the British Columbia New Democratic Party (NDP), a social democratic political party
126
What is a primary function of the Cabinet?
to assist the Prime Minister in policy making
127
How does the legislative process for an order-in-council differ from that of other laws?
It is issued directly by the Cabinet.
