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exam 2 sphp 126 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Demographics

A

persons from multicultural backgrounds are increasing greatly in the U.S

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2
Q

What are elective services?

A
  • choice-accent training for adults, for example

- Public schools: no elective services. We treat disorders, not differences

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3
Q

Speech sound errors:

A

transfer from L1 (first language) or actual characteristics of a disorder

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4
Q

Transfer-

A

a structure in L2 (second language) is influenced directly by a structure in L1 (first language)

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5
Q

What are Dialects?

A

-mutually intelligible forms of a language associated with a particular region,
ethnicity, or social class.

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6
Q

In U.S., business dialect is…

A

-General American English (also called Mainstream American English and Standard American English)

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7
Q

Children may be..

A

bilingual or bidialectal

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8
Q

What are the Two kinds of bilingualism?

A
  1. Simultaneous- children is exposed to two languages at birth
  2. Successive-l1 at birth and l2 comes later
    Age of L2 acquisition is important for accent
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9
Q

You will have a good L2 accent if:

A
  • Exposed to L2 before approximately 8 years of age

- They used to say puberty (12-13 years)

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10
Q

Children all over the globe exhibit phonological processes:

A
  • Consonant cluster reduction
  • Fronting of velars
  • Stopping of Fricatives
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11
Q

NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGES

A
  • NA languages spoken mainly by elders, not children

- Many NA langs have glottal stops

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12
Q

SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN

A
  • Hispanic community is the nations largest minority community
  • 2010 census: 50.5 million Hispanics/latinos in U.S- 16% of total population(not on exam)
  • 63% of Hispanics are mexican
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13
Q

Spanish phonological system is..

A

simpler than English

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14
Q

How many vowels does English and Spanish have?

A

English has 15 vowels; Spanish has 5
Spanish doesn’t have /v,th,th,z,3/
No initial s cluster(ex: spend, skate)

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15
Q

Assessment and Treatment

A
  • Make sure interpreter speaks same dialect
  • Get a conversational sample
  • Only treat for disorders, not differences
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16
Q

What are 5 factors influencing use of AAE

A
  1. Age (younger ch. use it more)
  2. Socioeconomic status (low-SES families use it more than middle and upper SES)
  3. Geographic location (more in the south)
  4. Education (l;ess in highly educated families)
  5. Gender (more boys than girls)
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17
Q

5 Factors Influencing Use of AAE

A
  1. Age (younger ch use it more)
  2. Socioeconomic status (low-SES families use it more than middle- and upper-SES)
  3. Geographic location (more in the south)
  4. Education (less in highly educated families)
  5. Gender (more boys than girls)
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18
Q

Phonological Characteristics of AAE

A
  • Metathesis (aeks/aesk)
  • Final consonant deletion
  • Cluster reduction
  • d/th very common
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19
Q

what are speech sound errors:

A

Transfer from L1 (First lang) or actual characteristics of a disorder

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20
Q

what is transfer?

A

a structure in L2 ( second lang) is influenced directly by a structure in L1

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21
Q

Asian, Pacific islander and Arabic letters languages

A
  • in 2012, there was 18.9 millions Asians in the Us
  • largest groups:
    1. Chinese
    2. Filipinos
    3. Asians Indians
  • great heterogeneity of langs
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22
Q

In U.S. business dialect is…

A

General American English (Also called Mainstream American English and Standard American English

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23
Q

Children may be…

Study These Flashcards
A

bidialectal or bilingual

24
Q

What are the two kinds of bilingualism>?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Stimultaneous
  2. Successive (L1 at birth and L2 later)
    Age of L2 acquisition important for accent
25
Khmer
- lang of Cambodia - mostly monosyllabic and disyllabic words - may have difficulty with English with English polysyllabic words
26
Children all over the globe exhibit these phonological processes...
- consonant cluster reduction - fronting of velars - stopping of fricatives
27
Native American Languages
- NA languages spoken mainly by elders, not children | - Many NA langs have glottal stops
28
Spanish speaking childrens background
- Hispanic community is the nations largest minority group | - 63% of Hispanics are mexican
29
Spanish phonological system is...
Simpler than English - English has 15 vowels;spanish has 5 - Spanish doesn't have /v,z,ᵟ,ᶞ,ᶿ/ - No initial s- cluster (e.g., SPend, SKate)
30
Assessment and Treatment
- make sure interpreter speaks same dialect - get a conversational sample - only treat for disorders, not difference
31
African American English
- heavily influenced by langs of West Africa | - some speakers codeswitch between AAE and MAE
32
What are 5 factors influencing use of AAE
1. AGe
33
Assessment and Treatment
* Conversational speech sample - Check with caregivers and community members - Give standardized tests and score in a dialect-sensitive manner - DELV-Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation (on test)
34
In the public schools…
- No elective treatment to teach MAE(mainstream American English) - There must be a disorder
35
In private practices and universities….
- Clients may seek elective services if they want to become more proficient with MAE for social or business/career purposes - Goal: fluent bidialectalism
36
ASIAN, PACIFIC ISLANDER, AND ARABIC LANGUAGES
- In 2012, there were 18.9 million Asians in the U.S - Largest groups: 1)Chinese, 2)Filipinos, 3)Asian Indians(know these for tests) - Great heterogeneity of Langs
37
Languages of Asian Countries
- Arabic: Middle East and North Africa. - 29 letters; all consonants, 1 vowel - Has glottal stops, pharyngeal fricatives - Written right to left * *Muslims in India and Pakistan speak Urdu
38
Japanese
-Common substitutions when speaking English: r/l s/th(voiceless) z/th(voiced) b/v -Also may use epenthesis-add schwa to end of the word (ex: booke)
39
Tagalog
-National language of Philippines -Common substitutions: p/f b/v s/z t/th (voiceless) d/th (voiced)
40
Khmer (kəmaɪ)
- Language of Cambodia - Mostly monosyllabic and disyllabic words - May have difficulty with English polysyllabic words
41
Hmong
- White and green hmong - Mainly from Laos - No /z/ or /w/ - One final consonant /ng/
42
Vietnamese
- Monosyllabic - Tonal - No word-final consonant clusters; may delete these - Final consonant deletion too
43
What are the phonological characteristics of AAE?
Metathesis (aeks/ask) - final consonant deletion - consonant cluster reduction - d/ᶞ (th) very common
44
Assessment and Treatment for AAE
- Conversational speech sample - check with caregivers and community members - give standardized tests and score in a dialect sensitive manner - DELV - Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation
45
In Public Schools...
- NO elective treatment to teach MAE | - There must be a disorder
46
In private practices and universities...
- clients may seek elective services if they want to become more proficient with MAE for social or business/ career purposes - Goal: fluent bidialectalism
47
Asian, Pacific islander and Arabic languages
in 2012, there was 18.9 millions Asians in the Us - largest groups: 1. Chinese 2. Filipinos 3. Asians indians
48
Chinese
- 2 main dialects: Mandarin and Cantonese - Tonal language-tone changes meaning of word - No consonant clusters-will have difficulty - May delete final consonants as well
49
languages of Asian countries...
1. Arabic: middle East and North Africa - 29 letter; all consonants, 1 vowel - has glottal stops, pharyngeal fricatives - written right to left - muslims in india and Pakistan speak urdu
50
Japanese
- common substitution when speaking English - r/l s/ᶿ z/ᶞ b/v - Also may use epenthesis -- add schwa to the end of the word (e.g., bookᵊ)
51
tagalog
-National lang of Philippines -common substitution p/f (flower-plaᶷw(r)) b/v S/z t/ᶿ d/ᶞ
52
Khmer
- lang of Cambodia - mostly monosyllabic and disyllabic words - may have difficulty with English with English polysyllabic words
53
hmong
- white and green hmong - mainly from laos - no /z/ or /w/ - one final consonant /ᵑ/
54
Vietnamese
- monosyllabic - tonal - no word- final consonant cluster; may delete these - FCD too
55
Chinese
- 2 main dialects: Mandarin and Cantonese - tonal language - tone changes meaning of words - no consonant clusters - will have difficulty - may delete final consonants as well

exam 2 sphp 126 (3 decks)

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