Chapter 5 6 7 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Functions of ATP
mechanical work: muscle contraction, flagella/cilia movement, organelle movement
transport work: moving substances across cell membrane
chemical work: substance synthesis and break down, signal transduction
ATP& Cell work
energy storing molecule used to power cellular work
conformational change
a slight shape change on the enzyme to make a better fit
Regeneration
remaining molecules are used to go back to the beginning of the process
simple diffusion
spontaneous movement across of particles down their concentration gradient
Photosystem II
electrons become excited by light energy is then produced and it goes to chl a then electrons become excited and transferred to the ETC then water splits and replenishes e- to Chl A, protons (H+) move into thylakoid space to increase concentration protons then move down their concentration gradient through an enzyme which uses this energy to add phosphate to ADP to make ATP
Concentration Gradient
a difference in concentration from one region to another
thermodynamics
branch of physics that studies energy transformations
exocytosis
vesicle fuses with cell membrane to spill out its contents
active transport
energy required to move particles from low to high concentration
induced fit
interaction between enzyme and substrate
entropy
measurement of the amount of disorder in a system
ETC
Initiating Molecules: NADH FADH
Important Products: 32 ATP
Important Enzymes: ATP Synthase
Location: Inner Membrane
First Law: Conservation of Energy
energy is never created nor destroyed, only transformed
Allosteric Inhibiton
molecule bins onto another site, not the active site,causing a change to the active site, which becomes no longer a proper fit for the substrate to bind
Cellular Respiration: Kreb’s Cycle
After Acetyl CoA enters this cycle, it is transformed into electron carrier molecules, nadh & fadh2 which will drive ETC then more CO2 is released as a by product
inhibitor
molecule binds to the active site and inhibits substrate from binding
osmoregulation
process by which organisms control water balance then part of the homeostatic capabilities of living organisms to adjust to our changing enviornment
glycolysis
initiator:glucose
important product: pyruvate 2 atp 2 nadh
location: cytosol
phagocytosis
endocytosis into a food vesicle
photosystem I
to replenish electrons to another chl a then e- from this chl a are used to make nadph from nadp+
hypertonic
concentration of solute is higher on the outside of the cell membrane which makes the cell shrink
enzymes
catalyst speed up chem. reactions protein amino acids lower activation energy lock and key mechanism
hypotonic
concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell membrane which causes the cell to burst
