Chapter 5

Question 1

According to your text, since the adoption of the Constitution, the most persistent source of political conflict has been between who and who?

Answer 1

Federal and state governments

Question 2

Sovereignty

Answer 2

Supreme or ultimate political authority

A sovereign government is legally and politically independent of any other government or subunit of government.

Question 3

What must be true about state and local units of a nation’s government in order for the central government to be considered FEDERAL?

Answer 3

You don’t have a federal system unless the local units have power to make laws

Question 4

List at least three countries in addition to the United States which have federal systems today?

Answer 4

Canada, Australia, India, Germany, and Switzerland

Question 5

Your text states that one of the things that has kept local governments independent of the national government in the U.S. Is what?

Answer 5

Commitment of the local government to the concept of federalism and actual distribution of political power

Question 6

How has Congress played a major part in preserving federalism?

Answer 6

They represent the local interests.

Congress consists of people selected and responsive to the local interests

Question 7

Although the central government has acquired more power over the years, how ah e the states managed to maintain a large role in governing?

Answer 7

The states receive a majority of the central government’s resources

Question 8

For the Framers, federalism was a method or device created to protect something. What was federalism created to protect?

Answer 8

Personal liberty

Question 9

What type of government system existed among states from 1776 to 1787?

Answer 9

Confederation

Question 10

From whom or what does a federal republic directly derive its power?

Answer 10

From the people

Question 11

Write a sentence that describes the authority left to the states under the Tenth Ammendment

Answer 11

The power is reserved especially for the states or to their people

Question 12

What do we call the clause added to the Constitution because the framers realized they couldn’t possibly create a Constitution that contained an exact and exhaustive list of powers?

Answer 12

Elastic language

Question 13

What issue did the Civil War settle?

Answer 13

Nullification

Established that the nullification theory was unconstitutional

Question 14

Whose power expanded as a result of the Civil War

Answer 14

Congress

Question 15

What was the Supreme Court case that established national supremacy?

Answer 15

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 16

Why did the federal government shift toward block grants?

Answer 16

Makes easier to give money and let local governments use it for their city’s needs

Question 17

According to your text, what does the author believe Americans have made clear regarding police and schools?

Answer 17

They want control over police and schools

Question 18

What is the purpose of the intergovernmental lobby?

Answer 18

To get more money with fewer strings attached

Question 19

What do we call a federal grant designed for a specific purpose defined by a federal law?

Answer 19

Categorical grant

Question 20

Lost five of the largest programs that account for the change in federal policy priorities and are the source for more than half of the money spent for cash grants-in-aid?

Answer 20

Housing assistance
Medicaid
Highway construction
Services for the unemployed 
Welfare programs for mothers with children and disabled

Question 21

A political system in which the ultimate authority is shared between a central government and state, region, or local governments is called what?

Answer 21

Federalism

Question 22

Federal rules attached to the grants that states receive are called ________. States must agree to abide by these rules in order to receive the grants.

Answer 22

Conditions of aid

Question 23

What is a mandate?

Answer 23

A set of rules or regulations that states must follow even if they are not receiving money for doing so.

Question 24

A grant from the federal government to states for programs in a general area rather than for specific kinds of programs is called what?

Answer 24

Block grants

Question 25

A constitutional theory that the national government and the state governments each have sovereignty in defined areas of authority, especially over commerce.

Answer 25

Dual federalism

Question 26

To what does the term Fiscal Federalism refer?

Answer 26

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; cornerstone of the government's relations with state and local governments

Question 27

Which Founding brother favored strong state's rights and limited national government because he believed that the principal threat to the people's liberties was likely to come from the national government?

Answer 27

Thomas Jefferson

Question 28

Which Founding Brother favored national supremacy, with powers broadly defined because the pressing needs if the U.S. were to develop the national economy and conduct foreign affairs?

Answer 28

Alexander Hamilton

Question 29

Which theory claimed that states had the right to declare null and void a federal law is the state believes it violated the constitution? Jefferson and Madison supported this theory first

Answer 29

State's rights

Question 30

Unitary System of government

Answer 30

``` Central government | states | Citizens ```

Question 31

Federal System

Answer 31

State or regional gov. Central gov. State or regional gov. |. /. \. | Citizens. Citizens

Question 32

Confederal system

Answer 32

State or regional gov. - central gov.---------state or regional |. | Citizens. Citizens