Chapter 5

Question 1

Phobia

Answer 1

A strong, persistent, and unwarranted fear of a specific object or situation

Question 2

What are the three primary types of phobias?

Answer 2

Social anxiety disorders, specific phobias, and agoraphobia

Question 3

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 3

Intense fear of being scrutinized or doing something embarrassing in the presence of others

Question 4

Specific Phobia

Answer 4

Extreme fear of a specific object or situation. exposure to the stimulus nearly always produces intense anxiety or a panic attack

Question 5

What are some primary types of specific phobias?

Answer 5

Living creatures, environmental conditions, blood/injection or injury, and situational factors

Question 6

Agoraphobia

Answer 6

Intense fear of at least two of the following: 
Being outside of the home alone
Traveling via public transportation 
Being in open spaces 
being in stores or theaters 
standing in line or being in a crowd

Question 7

Negative Appraisal

Answer 7

Interpreting events, things, place, or people external to you as threatening

Question 8

Anxiety Sensitivity

Answer 8

Interpreting physiological changes in your body

Question 9

Re-appraisal

Answer 9

Reducing or eliminating negative interpretations by looking at a situation from multiple perspectives

Question 10

Exposure Therapy

Answer 10

Gradual introduction to the feared situation

Question 11

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 11

Exposure techniques with relaxation

Question 12

Cognitive Structuring

Answer 12

Identifying and changing irrational thoughts

Question 13

What are some medication treatments for phobias?

Answer 13

Medications with efficacy for SAD, Benzodiazepines such as valium or xanax, and SSRIs

Question 14

Obsession

Answer 14

Intrusive, repetitive thought or mental image that produces anxiety

Question 15

Compulsion

Answer 15

Need or urge to perform acts or mental tasks to reduce anxiety

Question 16

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Answer 16

The experience of consistent, anxiety producing obsessions accompanied by a strong need to perform acts or dwell on strong thoughts to reduce anxiety

Question 17

Stress

Answer 17

Feeling of strain or pressure that occurs when a person thinks that the demands placed on them in a situation exceeds their ability to cope

Question 18

What are common symptoms of stress?

Answer 18

Irritability/anger, fatigue, anxiety, headaches, muscle tension, depression

Question 19

What counts as trauma exposure?

Answer 19

Actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence and can occur through direct experience, witnessing, or learning of traumatic experience

Question 20

What are the four trajectories after exposure?

Answer 20

Resilience, Recovery, Delayed Symptoms, and Chronic Symptoms

Question 21

Duration of Acute Stress

Answer 21

3 days to one month and no delayed onset

Question 22

PTSD

Answer 22

Symptoms last for one month or more and can have a delayed onset

Question 23

What are the four major symptom clusters of PTSD?

Answer 23

Intrusive symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in mood or cognitions, and arousal and changes in reactivity

Question 24

Intrusive Symptoms

Answer 24

Distressing memories or dreams, flashbacks and intense mental distress or physiological reactions to cues associated with traumatic events

Question 25

Avoidance

Answer 25

Avoiding memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the events

Question 26

Negative alterations in mood or cognitions

Answer 26

Amnesia, negative self perceptions, persistent negative emotions, detachment, social disengagement

Question 27

Arousal and changes in reactivity

Answer 27

Irritability and anger/aggression

Question 28

What are some characteristics of living with PTSD?

Answer 28

Changed view of self and others, feeling different or lost, impatience with perceived incompetence, impatience with seemingly trivial complaints, underemployment

Question 29

Homeostasis

Answer 29

The physiological state of balance

Question 30

What is the history of PTSD?

Answer 30

First recognized as a diagnosis by the APA in 1980 and prior was known as shell shock, combat fatigue, soldiers heart, etc