no kidding!
no me diga/s!
I love it/them!
me fascina/n!
they/people/one + verb
se + third person singular of verb
12pm
es el mediodía
midnight (12am)
es (la) medianoche
how to ask time in a specific place?
qué hora es en …. (place)?
how to express a specific time?
time… de la noche/mañana
how to express general time period?
por la noche/mañana
my class is at one
la clase es a la una
what time is your class?
a qué hora es la clase?
he/she feels hot
tiene calor
they feel cold
tienen frío
he/she feels scared
tiene miedo
they feel thirsty
tienen sed
they feel hungry
tienen hambre
he/she feels sleepy
tiene sueño
he/she feels ashamed
tiene vergüenza
stem-changing verbs
verbos con cambio de raíz (have a vowel change in the last syllable of the stem for yo/tú/él/ella/ellos/ellas/usted/ustedes)
entender [yo]
entiendo
entender [tú]
entiendes
entender [él/ella/usted]
entiende
entender [nosotros/as]
entendemos
entender [ellos/ellas/ustedes]
entienden
poder [yo]
puedo
poder [tú]
puedes
poder [él/ella/usted]
puede
poder [nosotros/as]
podemos
poder [ellos/ellas/ustedes]
pueden
pedir [yo]
pido
pedir [tú]
pides
pedir [él/ella/usted]
pide
pedir [nosotros/as]
pedimos
pedir [ellos/ellas/ustedes]
piden
jugar [yo]
juego
jugar [tú]
juegas
jugar [él/ella/usted]
juega
jugar [nosotros/as]
jugamos
jugar [ellos/ellas/ustedes]
juegan
to close
cerrar (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to begin
comenzar (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to wake someone up
despertar (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to wake up
despertarse (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to have fun
divertirse (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to begin
empezar (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to understand
entender (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to lie
mentir (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to think (about)
pensar (en) (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to plan to (do something)
pensar + infinitive (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to lose
perder (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to prefer
preferir (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to want
querer (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to love someone
querer a alguien (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to sit down
sentarse (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’)
to have
tener (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’) (yo form = tengo)
to come
venir (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’) (yo form = vengo)
to put someone to bed
acostar (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to go to bed
acostarse (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to have lunch
almorzar (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to cost
costar (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to return + thing
devolver + thing (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to sleep
dormir (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to fall asleep
dormirse (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to find
encontrar (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to be able, can
poder (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to try (food, something new)
probar (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to return (somewhere), come back
volver (stem changing verb: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’)
to say, to tell
decir (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘i’) (yo form = digo)
to ask for; to order (something)
pedir (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘i’)
to serve
sevir (stem changing verb: ‘e’ becomes ‘i’)
to play (a sport or game)
jugar (stem changing verb: ‘u’ becomes ‘ue’)
stem changing verbs that end in -ir also have a change in the present participle: ‘o’ becomes ‘ue’
in the present participle becomes ‘u’ (dormir - durmiendo)
stem changing verbs that end in -ir also have a change in the present participle: ‘e’ becomes ‘ie’
in the present participle becomes ‘i’ (divertirse - divirtiéndose)
stem changing verbs that end in -ir also have a change in the present participle: ‘e’ becomes ‘i’
in the present participle becomes ‘i’ (servir - sirviendo)
what time is it?
qué hora es?
in the morning/afternoon/evening; at night
por la mañana/tarde/noche
first
primero
after ______ing
después de + infinitive
then, later (on)
después/luego/más tarde
at last, finally
por fin
at one o’clock
a la una
at two/three/etc. o’clock
a las dos/tres/etc.
orange
anaranjado/a
white
blanco/a
gray
gris
brown
marrón
purple
morado/a
pink
rosa, rosado/a
do colours agree in gender/number with the nouns they modify?
- all colours agree in number
- only colours that end in ‘O’ agree in gender
bag
el saco
shoes
los zapatos
pants
los pantalones
boots
las botas
skirt
la falda
belt
el cinturón
jacket
la chaqueta
t-shirt
la camiseta
scarf
la bufanda
coat
el abrigo
blouse
la blusa
long/short sleeve shirt
la camisa de manga larga/corta
shorts
los pantalones cortos
sweater
el suéter
suit
el traje
bathing suit
el traje de baño
dress
el vestido
cap
la gorra
hat
el sombrero
sunglasses
las gafas de sol
purse
el bolso/la cartera
tie
la corbata
scarf (women)
el pañuelo
underwear
la ropa interior
socks; stockings
las medias
flip-flops
las sandalias de playa
high-heeled shoes
los zapatos de tacón alto
tennis shoes
los (zapatos de) tenis
cotton
el algodón
leather
el cuero
wool
la lana
nylon
el nailon/nilón
rayon
el rayón
silk
la seda
plaid
de cuadros
polka dots
de lunares
striped
de rayas
to cost
costar (present-tense stem change: ‘o’ to ‘ue’)
to be in style
estar de moda
to wear
llevar
to try on
probarse (present-tense stem change: ‘o’ to ‘ue’)
to put on
vestirse (con) (present-tense stem change: ‘e’ to ‘i’) (present participle stem change: ‘e’ to ‘i’
to have just + past participle
acabar de + infinitive
we have just returned.
acabamos de volver.
it looks good on you/it fits you well
te queda bien
it costs an arm and a leg
cuesta un ojo de la cara
what are the uses of para:
1) to indicate purpose (in order to)
2) to indicate direction towards a destination
3) to express deadline
4) to indicate the recipient of a thing or an action
what are the uses of por:
1) to express duration of an action (can also use durante or the time period instead)
2) to express a general time period
how do you specify the location of people or things?
estar en
how do you specify where an event takes place?
ser en
what are the uses of ser:
1) to describe someone or something (looks, personality, nationality, occupation)
2) to describe the location of an event (ser en)
3) to express possession (ser de)
4) to state what something is made of (ser de)
5) to express origin (ser de + place)
6) to tell time and date
what are the uses of estar:
1) to express the state of being of a person, place, or thing
2) to describe the location of a person, place, or thing (estar en)
3) to describe actions in progress (estar + present progressive)
what time is it?
qué hora es?
it’s five to one
es la una menos cinco.
it’s midnight.
es (la) medianoche.
it’s noon.
es (el) mediodía.
it’s ten after three
son las tres y diez
at what time…?
a qué hora…?
at one o’clock
a la un
at two o’clock in the afternoon
a las dos de la tarde
quarter (of an hour)
cuarto
hour
la hora
half (an hour)
media
minute
el minuto
second
el segundo
what (material) is it made of?
de qué (material) es?
how much is/are…?
cuánto cuesta/n…?
shoe size
el número
price
el precio
clothing size
la talla
around
a eso de
to open
abrir
concert
el concierto
to think; to believe
creer
address
la dirección
i love it/them
me fascina/n
no kidding!
no me diga/s!
i don’t like it/them at all
no me gusta/n nada
at last, finally
por fin
first
primero
they/people/one eat(s) really well…
se come muy bien
