Chapter 5: Activation of T cells Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

What type of microbes are phagocytosed?

A
  • intracellular bacteria
  • fungi
  • protozoa
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2
Q

What type of microbes infect nonphagocytic cells?

A
  • viruses
  • rickettsiae
  • protozoa
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3
Q

Effector T cells encounter antigens and what action occurs?

A
  • leukocyte activation (inflammation)
  • phagocytosis and killing of microbes
  • CTL killing of infected cell
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4
Q

What are the steps in activation of T lymphocytes?

A
  • antigen recognition
  • cytokine secretion
  • proliferation
  • differentiation
  • effector functions
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5
Q

What are the effector functions of T cells?

A

CD4+ = activation of macrophages, B cells, other cells
CD8+ = killing of infected “target cells”; macrophage activation

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6
Q

After differentiation of T lymphocytes do they become effector T cells or memory T cells?

A

both

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7
Q

Signal transduction for Class II MHC is via CD4 or CD8?

A

CD4

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8
Q

Signal transduction for Class I MHC is via CD4 or CD8?

A

CD8

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9
Q

What ligand allows for T cell adhesion?

A

LFA-1

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10
Q

LFA-1 is an ______ protein

A

integrin
- for adhesion

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11
Q

ICAM-1 is a _______

A

ligand for adhesion

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12
Q

What is the costimulation from the antigen presenting cell to the T cell to activate it?

A

B7

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13
Q

What happens if MHC binds from cell to T cell but there is no costimulator?

A

no response

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14
Q

When MHC binds and the antigen presenting cell is activated what is secreted?

A

B7 costimulator
cytokines (IL-12 or 2)

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15
Q

_________ receptors are necessary for limiting/terminating immune responses

A

Inhibitory

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16
Q

What ligand/receptor combo is necessary for activation of T cell?

17
Q

APCs that engulf virus infected cells and also are infected themselves will have antigens presented by…

A

both class I and II MHC molecules

18
Q

What ligand allows for proliferation of T cells?

19
Q

Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes involve a lot of…

A

phosphorylation and dephosphorylation

20
Q

What is the space between the APC and T cell called?

A

immunological synapse

21
Q

What do the drugs cyclosporine and rapamycin do?

A

interfere with the signal transduction pathways in T cells
- used in transplant patients to prevent rejection

22
Q

What is the principle function of IL-2?

A

survival and proliferation of antigen-specific T cells

23
Q

What is the antigen and costimulator required for T cell activation?

24
Q

What is the affinity difference between a T cell with IL-2RByc and IL-2RaByc?

A

low affinity - IL-2RByc
high affinity - IL-2RaByc

25
What causes the difference between IL-2RByc and IL-2RaByc on the T cell?
IL-2 secretion
26
T follicular helper cells remain where?
in lymphoid organ and migrate to the follicles
27
Effector T cells and antibodies enter circulation and go to...
sites of infection
28
CD4+ T cells activate...
macrophages - killing of phagocytosed microbes B cells - secretion of antibodies
29
How do CD4+ T cells activate macrophages and B cells?
CD40L and cytokines
30
S1P is required for naive T cells or Activated T cells?
both
31
What T cell homing receptors are required for naive and effector T lymphocytes?
selectin integrin chemokine receptor
32
What are the T cell homing receptors for naive T cells?
L-selectin LFA-1 CCR7