Chapter 5: Attitudes and Behavior

Question 1

What do you call the beliefs and feelings that are related to a person or an event?

Answer 1

Attitude

Question 2

What is attitude?

Answer 2

A favorable or unfavorable evaluation towards an object.

Question 3

What was once defined as the study of attitudes?

Answer 3

Social Psychology

Question 4

Why is attitude also considered as a bias?

Answer 4

Because it predisposes a person to act in a certain way (positively or negatively).

Question 5

What is the psychological
tendency that is expressed by
evaluating a particular entity
with some degree of favor or
disfavor?

Answer 5

Attitude

Question 6

Why is attitude a psychological tendency?

Answer 6

Because it is internal to a person.

Question 7

Do attitudes predict behavior?

Answer 7

Yes and no; there is a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior.

Question 8

Who wrote the classic study where he sent letter to each establishment the Chinese couple visited inquiring whether they would accept
members of the Chinese race as guests in their
establishment?

Answer 8

Richard Lapiere

Question 9

When does attitudes predict behavior?

Answer 9

When explicit and implicit attitudes align with each other.

Question 10

What both helps in the prediction of people’s actions and judgments?

Answer 10

Explicit and Implicit Attitudes

Question 11

Aside from our attitudes, we are also guided by what?

Answer 11

Situation

Question 12

How can attitude be more measured?

Answer 12

If the situations is more specific and other factors are minimized.

Question 13

What are implicit attitudes?

Answer 13

These are automatic and unconscious attitudes.

Question 14

What are explicit attitudes?

Answer 14

These are controlled and conscious attitudes.

Question 15

What type of attitude can be measured using IATs?

Answer 15

Implicit Attitudes

Question 16

What is the theory of planned behavior?

Answer 16

It states that one’s (a) attitudes, (b) perceived social norms, and (c) feelings of control together determine
one’s intentions, which guide behavior.

Question 17

How does attitudes become potent?

Answer 17

If we think about them and if we try to make ourselves aware of
them.

Question 18

Who are usually in touch with their attitudes?

Answer 18

Self-conscious people

Question 19

What attitudes are better at predicting how we will behave?

Answer 19

Attitudes that are accessible and stable.

Question 20

When does attitudes become stronger or more intense?

Answer 20

When we have direct experiences related to them.

Question 21

Which is much easier to measure: attitudes toward behavior or toward targets?

Answer 21

Attitudes toward behavior because it is more specific, linking to a certain action or intention.

Question 22

What is more effective in predicting behavior?

Answer 22

Attitudes toward behavior

Question 23

Why does attitudes alone don’t dictate how we act?

Answer 23

Because there are other reasons for our behavior (e.g., societal norms)

Question 24

What are the three instances when behavior affects our attitudes?

Answer 24

• Role Playing
• Saying Becomes Believing
• Evil and Moral Acts
• Racial Attitudes
• Social Movement

Question 25

What do you call the set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave?

Answer 25

Role

Question 26

Who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment?

Answer 26

Philip Zimbardo

Question 27

What is the psychological principle where, if someone agrees to a small request, they’re more likely to agree to a larger request afterward?

Answer 27

Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon

Question 28

What do you call the strategy where someone starts by asking for a big favor that’s likely to be rejected, then follows up with a smaller, more reasonable request?

Answer 28

Door-in-the-face Phenomenon

Question 29

What is the strategy used to get someone to agree to something by first presenting a smaller, more appealing offer, then increasing the cost or requirements after they've agreed?

Answer 29

Low-ball Technique

Question 30

What are the three possible sources to why behavior affects attitudes?

Answer 30

• Self-presentation Theory • Cognitive Dissonance Theory (self-justification) • Self-perception Theory

Question 31

What theory suggests that we often express attitudes to appear consistent and reliable to others?

Answer 31

Self-presentation Theory

Question 32

Under self-presentation theory, what may be a behavior that predicts attitude?

Answer 32

Impression Management

Question 33

What may be the tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions?

Answer 33

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 34

What may lead to hypocrisy and insincerity?

Answer 34

Impression Management

Question 35

What is the psychological phenomenon where people reduce their feelings of cognitive dissonance by finding internal reasons to justify their actions when external reasons are not strong enough?

Answer 35

Insufficient Justification

Question 36

Cognitive dissonance can also happen after making decisions. True or false?

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What can produce big dissonance, one where we reflect about the negative effects of what we chose, and the positive effects of the ones we didn’t?

Answer 37

Big major decisions

Question 38

What theory suggests that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we observe or look into our own behavior?

Answer 38

Self-perception Theory

Question 39

What is the result when people are bribed to do what they already like doing?

Answer 39

Overjustification Effect

Question 40

What does dissonance theory form?

Answer 40

A change in attitude.

Question 41

What does self-perception theory results to?

Answer 41

Formation of attitude.