Chapter 5: Carbohydrate Flashcards
(25 cards)
State the 3 elements of carbohdyrate
Hydrogen (H)
Carbon (C)
Oxygen(O)
List the 2 sources of carbohydrate.
Complex carbohydrate and simple carbohydrate
Describe the term ‘Simple carbohydrate’ with examples.
- What is it rich in?
- state the sugars
- give examples.
- Naturally rich in SIMPLE sugars
- Sucrose,Maltose,lactose,glucose and fructose
- eg.Honey and fruits
Why is excess consumption of processed food discouraged?
Lack of other nutrients.
Describe the term ‘Complex carbohydrate ‘ with examples.
- What is it high in?
- Give examples of underground stems and root veg, cereals and NSP.
- High in polysaccharides
- Underground stems & root veg: Potato,yam and tapioca
- Cereals: rice,wheat and maize
- NSP: fruits & veg //cellulose and pectin
State the 2 functions of carbohdyrate.
- Provides a main source of energy
2. Aids in the digestion of food
Explain how does carb. provide our body a main source of energy.
- when happens when carb. is consumed
- function of glycogen
- what happens when carb. is not in use immediately
- Carbs consumed will be broken down=glucose=to provide energy
- Glycogen= acts as a short-term energy reserve in our body
- When not in used immediately, convert to glycogen=stored into liver and muscles
Explain how does carbohydrate aids in the digestion of food.
- What is NSP?
- State the 2 functions of it.
- NSP (non-starch polysaccharides)/dietary fibre
- Aids the digestion of food in the digestive system
- Help eliminate waste products from our body as stool.
State the 3 different types of carbohydrate.
-the types of simple sugars and complex.
Simple sugars
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
Complex carbohydrate
-Polysaccharides
Define ‘Monosaccharide’.
- Simplest form of sugar molecules aka simple sugar
- Dissolve easily in water forming= colourless sweet solutions
- Three types: Glucose,galactose and fructose
Define ‘Disaccharide’.
- Double sugars
- made up of 2 monosaccharide molecules joined tgt
- White crystalline solids = sweet and soluble in water
- 3 types: sucrose,maltose and lactose
What are sucrose made up of?
Glucose+fructose
What are maltose made up of?
Glucose + Glucose
What are Lactose made up of?
Glucose and galactose
Define ‘polysaccharide’ .
- Complex carbohydrate
- Made up of many monosaccharide molecules, LINKED TGT
- insoluble and not sweet in water
- 4 types: Cellulose, pectin,starch and glycogen
State 3 benefits of whole-grain food with examples.
- More nutrients
- B-grp vitamins
- Vitamin E
- Minerals: Iron and magnesium - Good source of insoluble dietary fibre
- for healthy bowel function - Lower Glycemic Index (GI)
- vs refined food
- food thats high in GI=increase blood sugar level & a similar surge to insulin
- this surge of insulin= sharp fall in our blood sugar level
- trigerring hunger ahnd overeating
Explain the effect of Lower Glycemic Index (GI) on our body
compared to refined food
- food thats high in GI=increase blood sugar level & a similar surge to insulin
- this surge of insulin= sharp fall in our blood sugar level
- trigerring hunger ahnd overeating
State 4 ways to reduce simple sugars intake.
- Water,milk and fruit juices vs sweetened drinks
- Food labelled: ‘No added sugar’ or ‘sugar free’
- sugar substitutes over adding sugar to food and beverage
- use spreads (jams and kaya) sparingly
State the effects of insufficient intake of carbohydrate.
Lose weight due to loss of body fats and muscles
- When there is an insufficient intake of carb
- Body fats and muscle proteins are used to provide energy instead of glucose from carb.
- In long run= will lose weight due to loss of body fats and muscles
- Potentially leading to under-nutrition= insufficient intake of nutrients
State 3 effects of excessive carbohydrate intake.
- Tooth decay gum diseases
- Obesity and weight gain
- Diabetes mellitus
Explain how excessive carb. intake can lead to ‘Tooth decay gum diseases.’
- High intake of sugary food and bad dental hygiene practice lead =tooth decay & gum diseases
- Bacteria in mouth + sugar on teeth = reacts forming PLAGUE
- Plague infects gums & produces acid that corrodes teeth
How does excessive intake of carb. leads to weight gain and obesity.
- Excess glucose convert to fats and stored in our body
- Accumulation of body fats = gain weight and become obese in the long run
- Can also potentially increase the chance of developing other health problems
What is insulin?
- hormone produced by body
- stimulates the conversion of glucose into energy
What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- When body is unable to produce insulin
- due to medical reason
