Chapter 5 - Cardiac Condition

Question 1

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common form and is also known as:

Answer 1

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD)

Question 2

CHD is experienced more by men or women?

Answer 2

Men

Question 3

Primary cause of CHD is:

Answer 3

Atherosclerosis - where lipids accumulate in the arteries forming plaques.

Question 4

Complete occlusion of the coronary artery, blood supply to the myocardium is interrupted and the affected tissue becomes ischaemic -

Answer 4

Acute coronary syndrome

Question 5

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 5

Death of tissue due to ischaemia (lack of blood)

Question 6

Risk factors for CHD include

Answer 6

Age
Heredity
Hypertension 
High serum cholesterol 
Diabetes Mellitus 

Lifestyle factors -
Smoking
Lack of exercise
Obesity

Question 7

The leading cause of heart failure:

Answer 7

Hypertension

Question 8

Most common risk factor of heart failure is

Answer 8

CHD - coronary heart disease

Question 9

The_____has the thickest walls as it pumps blood to_____.

Answer 9

Left ventricle, systemic circulation

Question 10

Freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart through the_____, and is pumped out into the_____.

Answer 10

Left atrium, aorta

Question 11

What is the window time for thrombolytics to be given?

Answer 11

6 hours

Question 12

GTN - is used for

Answer 12

Glycerol Trinitrate/(Nitroglycerin) is used for heart failure, high BP & to treat/prevent chest pain.

Question 13

2 signs of MI which may be seen on ECG:

Answer 13

ST elevation

Abnormal Q wave development

Question 14

What does STEMI mean?

Answer 14

ST elevation myocardial infarction

Question 15

Normal troponin T level is:

Answer 15

Less than 0.14 ug/L

Question 16

Cardiac output is calculated by:

Answer 16

Heart rate x stroke volume

Question 17

T wave on an ECG indicates:

Answer 17

The ventricles have repolarised

Question 18

Groups of people most likely to be affected by coronary disease:

Answer 18

Age over 55 years 
Men
Obese people
Aborignal / TSI 
Diabetes mellitus

Question 19

Ratio of breaths to compressions in basic life support is:

Answer 19

2:30

Question 20

Which of the following rhythms is “shockable”?

• Asystole
• Ventricular tachycardia with a pulse
• Ventricular tachycardia without a pulse
• Pulseless electrical activity

Answer 20

Ventricular tachycardia without a pulse

Question 21

Ventricular fibrillation causes ineffective quivering of the ventricles? T/F

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Ventricular fibrillation has a regular pattern T/F

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Ventricular fibrillation has a rate exceeding 300bpm T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Ventricular fibrillation has identifiable R waves T/F

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Important cue cluster for a patient with ventricular fibrillation:

Answer 25

No audible heartbeat No palpable pulse No respiration’s Non-responsiveness

Question 26

Euvolaemic:

Answer 26

Normal circulatory of blood volume

Question 27

Sign of heart failure?

Answer 27

Nurse notes the patient’s weight has increased by 2kg.

Question 28

Which of the following is not true of heart failure? a) Myocardial failure leads to an increase in circulating volume b) Ischaemic heart disease and hypertension are common causes of heart failure c) One of the compensatory mechanisms activated in heart failure in the rennin-angiotension system. d) Ventricular remodelling can occur as the myocardium adapts to increase in fluid volume and pressure

Answer 28

a)

Question 29

Left ventricular ejection fraction is best described as:

Answer 29

The fraction of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each heartbeat and it is equal to the stroke volume divided by the end-diastolic volume.

Question 30

The most informative test in determining heart failure is:

Answer 30

Echocardiogram

Question 31

Congestive cardiac failure is a condition where excessive fluid builds up in the lungs due to the inadequate pumping of the heart. T/F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Pulmonary oedema is more likely to occur with: - Hypotension - Right-sided heart failure - Atrial fibrillation - Left-sided heart failure

Answer 32

Left-sided heart failure

Question 33

Systemic oedema is more likely with: - Hypotension - Right-sided heart failure - Atrial fibrillation - Left-sided heart failure

Answer 33

Right-sided heart failure